The support for pool ping listeners to receive exception events via the
:meth:`.ConnectionEvents.handle_error` event added in 2.0.0b1 for
:ticket:`5648` failed to take into account dialect-specific ping routines
such as that of MySQL and PostgreSQL. The dialect feature has been reworked
so that all dialects participate within event handling.   Additionally,
a new boolean element :attr:`.ExceptionContext.is_pre_ping` is added
which identifies if this operation is occurring within the pre-ping
operation.

For this release, third party dialects which implement a custom
:meth:`_engine.Dialect.do_ping` method can opt in to the newly improved
behavior by having their method no longer catch exceptions or check
exceptions for "is_disconnect", instead just propagating all exceptions
outwards. Checking the exception for "is_disconnect" is now done by an
enclosing method on the default dialect, which ensures that the event hook
is invoked for all exception scenarios before testing the exception as a
"disconnect" exception. If an existing ``do_ping()`` method continues to
catch exceptions and check "is_disconnect", it will continue to work as it
did previously, but ``handle_error`` hooks will not have access to the
exception if it isn't propagated outwards.

Fixes: #5648
Change-Id: I6535d5cb389e1a761aad8c37cfeb332c548b876d

Fixed bug where the :meth:`_engine.Connection.scalars` method was not typed
as allowing a multiple-parameters list, which is now supported using
insertmanyvalues operations.

Change-Id: I65e22c3bee80fc226d484ff1424421dd78520fa5

Change-Id: I625af65b3fb1815b1af17dc2ef47dd697fdc3fb1

command run is "pyupgrade --py37-plus --keep-runtime-typing --keep-percent-format <files...>"
pyupgrade will change assert_ to assertTrue. That was reverted since assertTrue does not
exists in sqlalchemy fixtures

Change-Id: Ie1ed2675c7b11d893d78e028aad0d1576baebb55

mypy introduces a crash we need to work around, also
some new rules.  It also has either a behavioral change
regarding how output is rendered in relationship to
files being within sys.path or not, so work around
that for test_mypy_plugin_py3k.py

References: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/14027
Change-Id: I689c7fe27dc52abee932de9e0fb23b2a2eba76fa

Fixes: #8605
Change-Id: I4aec83b9f321462427c3f4ac941c3b272255c088

Added new parameter :paramref:`.PoolEvents.reset.reset_state` parameter to
the :meth:`.PoolEvents.reset` event, with deprecation logic in place that
will continue to accept event hooks using the previous set of arguments.
This indicates various state information about how the reset is taking
place and is used to allow custom reset schemes to take place with full
context given.

Within this change a fix that's also backported to 1.4 is included which
re-enables the :meth:`.PoolEvents.reset` event to continue to take place
under all circumstances, including when :class:`.Connection` has already
"reset" the connection.

The two changes together allow custom reset schemes to be implemented using
the :meth:`.PoolEvents.reset` event, instead of the
:meth:`.PoolEvents.checkin` event (which continues to function as it always
has).

Change-Id: Ie17c4f55d02beb6f570b9de6b3044baffa7d6df6
Fixes: #8717

the autodoc for the "future" Engine / Connection were removed,
so all these links weren't working.   Replace all _future
for these with _engine.  There was just one _future pointing
to select, changed that separately.

Change-Id: Ib28270d8da8616b533953204e22eabee9388d620