Drop samefile and use a conditional dependency for old pythons

Co-authored-by: Jason R. Coombs <jaraco@jaraco.com>

Drop Travis

* port check-readme to twine check before dist upload
* port self install tests to github
* artifact downloads

Add release-branch-semver scheme

guess_next_simple_semver previously would error on trying to convert the
'rc0' part of a version such as '1.2.0rc1' to an int, even if it was
told to retain only the first two parts. (It would actually only error
on Python 2, where the conversion to int was non-lazy)

Now if it's told to retain only the first two parts, it won't try to
convert anything after the first two dots to an int, so it won't error.
The outcome is the same as if the bit after the second dot was a valid
int (which was going to be ignored anyway, we just now don't error on
it).

This is useful for the release-branch-semver scheme, which wants to be
able to find the next minor version even if the most recent version is a
release candidate.

This is a scheme that assumes that the upcoming release for most
branches is a minor release, and that only for release branches
(those whose branch names parse as a version number according to current
configuration) is the upcoming version a patch release.

Better document the differences between the schemes in README.rst