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511.8236 0 ] - /Next 74 0 R - /Parent 64 0 R - /Prev 72 0 R - /Title (The FunctionMaker class) >> + /Next 79 0 R + /Parent 69 0 R + /Prev 77 0 R + /Title (async) >> endobj % 'Outline.9': class OutlineEntryObject -74 0 obj -<< /Dest [ 49 0 R +79 0 obj +<< /Dest [ 51 0 R /XYZ 62.69291 - 509.8236 + 655.8236 0 ] - /Next 75 0 R - /Parent 64 0 R - /Prev 73 0 R - /Title (Getting the source code) >> + /Next 80 0 R + /Parent 69 0 R + /Prev 78 0 R + /Title (The FunctionMaker class) >> endobj % 'Outline.10': class OutlineEntryObject -75 0 obj -<< /Dest [ 51 0 R +80 0 obj +<< /Dest [ 53 0 R /XYZ 62.69291 - 727.8236 + 681.0236 0 ] - /Next 76 0 R - /Parent 64 0 R - /Prev 74 0 R - /Title (Dealing with third party decorators) >> + /Next 81 0 R + /Parent 69 0 R + /Prev 79 0 R + /Title (Getting the source code) >> endobj % 'Outline.11': class OutlineEntryObject -76 0 obj -<< /Dest [ 52 0 R +81 0 obj +<< /Dest [ 53 0 R /XYZ 62.69291 - 335.0236 + 234.4236 0 ] - /Next 77 0 R - /Parent 64 0 R - /Prev 75 0 R 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cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Michele Simionato) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Michele Simionato) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1307,13 +1408,13 @@ q 1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 39.69937 0 Td (E-mail:) Tj T* -39.69937 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 39.69937 0 Td (E-mail:) Tj T* -39.69937 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 91.03937 3 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (michele.simionato@gmail.com) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (michele.simionato@gmail.com) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1327,14 +1428,14 @@ q 1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 33.02937 0 Td (Version:) Tj T* -33.02937 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 33.02937 0 Td (Version:) Tj T* -33.02937 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 91.03937 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (3.2.1 \(2010-11-28\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (3.3.0 \(2011-01-01\)) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1348,14 +1449,14 @@ q 1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 26.91937 0 Td (Requires:) Tj T* -26.91937 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 26.91937 0 Td (Requires:) Tj T* -26.91937 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 91.03937 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Python 2.4+) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Python 2.4+) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1369,7 +1470,7 @@ q 1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 25.25937 0 Td (Download) Tj T* 21.11 0 Td (page:) Tj T* -46.36937 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 25.25937 0 Td (Download) Tj T* 21.11 0 Td (page:) Tj T* -46.36937 0 Td ET Q Q q @@ -1377,7 +1478,7 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/decorator/3.2.1) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/decorator/3.3.0) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1391,14 +1492,14 @@ q 1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 16.91937 0 Td (Installation:) Tj T* -16.91937 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 16.91937 0 Td (Installation:) Tj T* -16.91937 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 91.03937 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL (easy_install decorator) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 5.71 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL (easy_install decorator) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1412,14 +1513,14 @@ q 1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 32.46937 0 Td (License:) Tj T* -32.46937 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 32.46937 0 Td (License:) Tj T* -32.46937 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 91.03937 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (BSD license) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (BSD license) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1428,17 +1529,31 @@ Q q 1 0 0 1 62.69291 581.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Contents) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Contents) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 323.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 305.0236 cm 0 0 0 rg BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET q +1 0 0 1 0 255 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Introduction) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 397.8898 255 cm +q +0 0 .501961 rg +0 0 .501961 RG +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (1) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +Q +Q +q 1 0 0 1 0 237 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Introduction) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Definitions) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1446,13 +1561,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (1) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (2) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 219 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Definitions) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Statement of the problem) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1460,13 +1575,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (2) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (2) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 201 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Statement of the problem) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (The solution) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1474,13 +1589,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (2) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (3) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 183 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (The solution) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (A ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F2 10 Tf (decorator) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1488,13 +1603,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (3) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (4) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 165 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (A ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F2 10 Tf (decorator) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Function annotations) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1502,13 +1617,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (4) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (5) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 147 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (decorator ) Tj /F2 10 Tf (is a decorator) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (decorator ) Tj /F2 10 Tf (is a decorator) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1516,13 +1631,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (5) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (6) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 129 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (blocking) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (blocking) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1530,13 +1645,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (5) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (6) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 111 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (async) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (async) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1544,13 +1659,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (6) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (7) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 93 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (The ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F2 10 Tf (class) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (The ) Tj /F3 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F2 10 Tf (class) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1558,13 +1673,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (8) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (9) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 75 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Getting the source code) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Getting the source code) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1572,13 +1687,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 66.44 0 Td (9) Tj T* -66.44 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (10) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 57 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Dealing with third party decorators) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Dealing with third party decorators) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1586,13 +1701,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (10) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (10) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 39 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Caveats and limitations) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Caveats and limitations) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1600,13 +1715,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (11) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (12) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 21 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Compatibility notes) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (Compatibility notes) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1614,13 +1729,13 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (13) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (14) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET Q Q q 1 0 0 1 0 3 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (LICENCE) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F2 10 Tf 0 0 .501961 rg (LICENCE) Tj T* ET Q Q q @@ -1628,260 +1743,273 @@ q q 0 0 .501961 rg 0 0 .501961 RG -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (14) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F2 10 Tf 12 TL 60.88 0 Td (14) Tj T* -60.88 0 Td ET Q Q q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 290.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 272.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Introduction) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Introduction) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 224.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 206.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 3.995366 Tw (Python decorators are an interesting example of why syntactic sugar matters. In principle, their) Tj T* 0 Tw .151235 Tw (introduction in Python 2.4 changed nothing, since they do not provide any new functionality which was not) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.238555 Tw (already present in the language. In practice, their introduction has significantly changed the way we) Tj T* 0 Tw .098409 Tw (structure our programs in Python. I believe the change is for the best, and that decorators are a great idea) Tj T* 0 Tw (since:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 52.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 3.995366 Tw (Python decorators are an interesting example of why syntactic sugar matters. In principle, their) Tj T* 0 Tw .151235 Tw (introduction in Python 2.4 changed nothing, since they do not provide any new functionality which was not) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.238555 Tw (already present in the language. In practice, their introduction has significantly changed the way we) Tj T* 0 Tw .098409 Tw (structure our programs in Python. I believe the change is for the best, and that decorators are a great idea) Tj T* 0 Tw (since:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 218.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 200.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 218.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 200.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 206.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 182.0236 cm 0 0 0 rg BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 6 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 23 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 23 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators help reducing boilerplate code;) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators help reducing boilerplate code;) Tj T* ET Q Q q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 200.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 182.0236 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 182.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 188.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 164.0236 cm 0 0 0 rg BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 6 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 23 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 23 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators help separation of concerns;) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators help separation of concerns;) Tj T* ET Q Q q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 182.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 164.0236 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 164.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 170.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 146.0236 cm 0 0 0 rg BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 6 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 23 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 23 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators enhance readability and maintenability;) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators enhance readability and maintenability;) Tj T* ET Q Q q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 164.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 146.0236 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 146.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 152.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 128.0236 cm 0 0 0 rg BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 6 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 6 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 23 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 23 3 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators are explicit.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (decorators are explicit.) Tj T* ET Q Q q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 152.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 128.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 110.0236 cm -q -0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .848876 Tw (Still, as of now, writing custom decorators correctly requires some experience and it is not as easy as it) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.049269 Tw (could be. For instance, typical implementations of decorators involve nested functions, and we all know) Tj T* 0 Tw (that flat is better than nested.) Tj T* ET -Q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 128.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 80.02362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 86.02362 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.093735 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The aim of the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module it to simplify the usage of decorators for the average programmer, ) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.456136 Tw (and to popularize decorators by showing various non-trivial examples. Of course, as all techniques,) Tj T* 0 Tw ET +0 0 0 rg +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .848876 Tw (Still, as of now, writing custom decorators correctly requires some experience and it is not as easy as it) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.049269 Tw (could be. For instance, typical implementations of decorators involve nested functions, and we all know) Tj T* 0 Tw (that flat is better than nested.) Tj T* ET Q Q endstream + endobj -% 'R81': class PDFStream -81 0 obj +% 'R87': class PDFStream +87 0 obj % page stream -<< /Length 7640 >> +<< /Length 7636 >> stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 741.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 717.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 2.234987 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (decorators can be abused \(I have seen that\) and you should not try to solve every problem with a) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorator, just because you can.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm 1.093735 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The aim of the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module it to simplify the usage of decorators for the average programmer,) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.456136 Tw (and to popularize decorators by showing various non-trivial examples. Of course, as all techniques,) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.234987 Tw (decorators can be abused \(I have seen that\) and you should not try to solve every problem with a) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorator, just because you can.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 711.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 687.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .13561 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You may find the source code for all the examples discussed here in the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (documentation.py ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (file, which) Tj T* 0 Tw (contains this documentation in the form of doctests.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .13561 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You may find the source code for all the examples discussed here in the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (documentation.py ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (file, which) Tj T* 0 Tw (contains this documentation in the form of doctests.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 678.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 654.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Definitions) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Definitions) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 636.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 612.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 2.37561 Tw (Technically speaking, any Python object which can be called with one argument can be used as a) Tj T* 0 Tw .472339 Tw (decorator. However, this definition is somewhat too large to be really useful. It is more convenient to split) Tj T* 0 Tw (the generic class of decorators in two subclasses:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 2.37561 Tw (Technically speaking, any Python object which can be called with one argument can be used as a) Tj T* 0 Tw .472339 Tw (decorator. However, this definition is somewhat too large to be really useful. It is more convenient to split) Tj T* 0 Tw (the generic class of decorators in two subclasses:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 630.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 606.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 630.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 606.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 606.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 576.0236 cm 0 0 0 rg BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 6 9 cm +1 0 0 1 6 15 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 23 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 23 3 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 2.68748 Tw 12 TL /F5 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (signature-preserving ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorators, i.e. callable objects taking a function as input and returning a) Tj T* 0 Tw (function ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (with the same signature ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (as output;) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm 2.68748 Tw 12 TL /F5 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (signature-preserving ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorators, i.e. callable objects taking a function as input and returning a) Tj T* 0 Tw (function ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (with the same signature ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (as output;) Tj T* ET Q Q q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 600.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 576.0236 cm Q q 1 0 0 1 62.69291 576.0236 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 546.0236 cm 0 0 0 rg BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 6 9 cm +1 0 0 1 6 15 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 10.5 0 Td (\177) Tj T* -10.5 0 Td ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 23 -3 cm +1 0 0 1 23 3 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.43498 Tw 12 TL /F5 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (signature-changing ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorators, i.e. decorators that change the signature of their input function, or) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorators returning non-callable objects.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm 1.43498 Tw 12 TL /F5 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (signature-changing ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorators, i.e. decorators that change the signature of their input function, or) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorators returning non-callable objects.) Tj T* ET Q Q q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 576.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 546.0236 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 546.0236 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 534.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 504.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 2.832706 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Signature-changing decorators have their use: for instance the builtin classes ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (staticmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.506651 Tw /F4 10 Tf (classmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (are in this group, since they take functions and return descriptor objects which are not) Tj T* 0 Tw (functions, nor callables.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 2.832706 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Signature-changing decorators have their use: for instance the builtin classes ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (staticmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.506651 Tw /F4 10 Tf (classmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (are in this group, since they take functions and return descriptor objects which are not) Tj T* 0 Tw (functions, nor callables.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 504.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 474.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 1.735814 Tw (However, signature-preserving decorators are more common and easier to reason about; in particular) Tj T* 0 Tw (signature-preserving decorators can be composed together whereas other decorators in general cannot.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 1.735814 Tw (However, signature-preserving decorators are more common and easier to reason about; in particular) Tj T* 0 Tw (signature-preserving decorators can be composed together whereas other decorators in general cannot.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 474.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 444.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .494983 Tw (Writing signature-preserving decorators from scratch is not that obvious, especially if one wants to define) Tj T* 0 Tw (proper decorators that can accept functions with any signature. A simple example will clarify the issue.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .494983 Tw (Writing signature-preserving decorators from scratch is not that obvious, especially if one wants to define) Tj T* 0 Tw (proper decorators that can accept functions with any signature. A simple example will clarify the issue.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 441.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 411.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Statement of the problem) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Statement of the problem) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 363.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 333.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm .351235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (A very common use case for decorators is the memoization of functions. A ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator works by) Tj T* 0 Tw .871988 Tw (caching the result of the function call in a dictionary, so that the next time the function is called with the) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.350651 Tw (same input parameters the result is retrieved from the cache and not recomputed. There are many) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.92247 Tw (implementations of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (in ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (http://www.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary) Tj 0 0 0 rg (, but they do not) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.683984 Tw (preserve the signature. A simple implementation could be the following \(notice that in general it is) Tj T* 0 Tw (impossible to memoize correctly something that depends on non-hashable arguments\):) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 64.82 Tm .351235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (A very common use case for decorators is the memoization of functions. A ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator works by) Tj T* 0 Tw .871988 Tw (caching the result of the function call in a dictionary, so that the next time the function is called with the) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.350651 Tw (same input parameters the result is retrieved from the cache and not recomputed. There are many) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.92247 Tw (implementations of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (in ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (http://www.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary) Tj 0 0 0 rg (, but they do not) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.683984 Tw (preserve the signature. A simple implementation could be the following \(notice that in general it is) Tj T* 0 Tw (impossible to memoize correctly something that depends on non-hashable arguments\):) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 173.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 143.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -1894,48 +2022,43 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 180 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 158 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (memoize_uw) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# frozenset is used to ensure hashability) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (frozenset) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (kw) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (iteritems) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (functools) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (update_wrapper) Tj (\() Tj (memoize) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET -Q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 161.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (memoize_uw) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# frozenset is used to ensure hashability) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (frozenset) Tj (\() Tj (kw) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (iteritems) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (functools) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (update_wrapper) Tj (\() Tj (memoize) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q -q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 117.8236 cm -q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 1.801412 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Here we used the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (functools.update_wrapper ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (utility, which has been added in Python 2.5 expressly to) Tj T* 0 Tw .91686 Tw (simplify the definition of decorators \(in older versions of Python you need to copy the function attributes) Tj T* 0 Tw .580814 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__name__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__doc__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__module__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__dict__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (from the original function to the decorated function) Tj T* 0 Tw (by hand\).) Tj T* ET -Q Q q 1 0 0 1 62.69291 87.82362 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 2.517126 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The implementation above works in the sense that the decorator can accept functions with generic ) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.233615 Tw (signatures; unfortunately this implementation does ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (not ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (define a signature-preserving decorator, since in) Tj T* 0 Tw ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm 1.801412 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Here we used the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (functools.update_wrapper ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (utility, which has been added in Python 2.5 expressly to) Tj T* 0 Tw .91686 Tw (simplify the definition of decorators \(in older versions of Python you need to copy the function attributes) Tj T* 0 Tw .580814 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__name__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__doc__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__module__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__dict__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (from the original function to the decorated function) Tj T* 0 Tw (by hand\).) Tj T* ET Q Q endstream + endobj -% 'R82': class PDFStream -82 0 obj +% 'R88': class PDFStream +88 0 obj % page stream -<< /Length 8131 >> +<< /Length 7980 >> stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 753.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 729.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (general ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize_uw ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (returns a function with a ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (different signature ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (from the original function.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 2.517126 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The implementation above works in the sense that the decorator can accept functions with generic) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.233615 Tw (signatures; unfortunately this implementation does ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (not ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (define a signature-preserving decorator, since in) Tj T* 0 Tw (general ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize_uw ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (returns a function with a ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (different signature ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (from the original function.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 735.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 711.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Consider for instance the following case:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Consider for instance the following case:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 665.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 641.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -1948,20 +2071,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@memoize_uw) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (x) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# simulate some long computation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (x) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 41.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@memoize_uw) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (x) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# simulate some long computation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (x) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 633.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 609.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .26311 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Here the original function takes a single argument named ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (x) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, but the decorated function takes any number) Tj T* 0 Tw (of arguments and keyword arguments:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .26311 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Here the original function takes a single argument named ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (x) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, but the decorated function takes any number) Tj T* 0 Tw (of arguments and keyword arguments:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 576.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 552.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -1974,20 +2097,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (from) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (inspect) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (import) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (getargspec) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (f1) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('args') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('kw') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (from) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (inspect) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (import) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (getargspec) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (f1) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('args') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('kw') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 532.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 508.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .411235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (This means that introspection tools such as pydoc will give wrong informations about the signature of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f1) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* 0 Tw .161654 Tw (This is pretty bad: pydoc will tell you that the function accepts a generic signature ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (*args) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (**kw) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, but when) Tj T* 0 Tw (you try to call the function with more than an argument, you will get an error:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm .411235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (This means that introspection tools such as pydoc will give wrong informations about the signature of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f1) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* 0 Tw .161654 Tw (This is pretty bad: pydoc will tell you that the function accepts a generic signature ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (*args) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (**kw) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, but when) Tj T* 0 Tw (you try to call the function with more than an argument, you will get an error:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 463.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 439.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2000,26 +2123,26 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (Traceback) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj (most) Tj ( ) Tj (recent) Tj ( ) Tj (call) Tj ( ) Tj (last) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf .823529 .254902 .227451 rg (TypeError) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\(\)) Tj ( ) Tj (takes) Tj ( ) Tj (exactly) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (positional) Tj ( ) Tj (argument) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (given) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 41.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (Traceback) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj (most) Tj ( ) Tj (recent) Tj ( ) Tj (call) Tj ( ) Tj (last) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf .823529 .254902 .227451 rg (TypeError) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\(\)) Tj ( ) Tj (takes) Tj ( ) Tj (exactly) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (positional) Tj ( ) Tj (argument) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (given) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 430.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 406.4236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The solution) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The solution) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 388.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 364.4236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 3.313984 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The solution is to provide a generic factory of generators, which hides the complexity of making) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.362976 Tw (signature-preserving decorators from the application programmer. The ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function in the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module is such a factory:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 3.313984 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The solution is to provide a generic factory of generators, which hides the complexity of making) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.362976 Tw (signature-preserving decorators from the application programmer. The ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function in the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module is such a factory:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 355.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 331.2236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2032,20 +2155,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 24 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (from) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (decorator) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (import) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 5.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (from) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (decorator) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (import) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 299.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 275.2236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 1.716412 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (takes two arguments, a caller function describing the functionality of the decorator and a) Tj T* 0 Tw .821984 Tw (function to be decorated; it returns the decorated function. The caller function must have signature ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (\(f,) Tj T* 0 Tw .65061 Tw (*args, **kw\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and it must call the original function ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (with arguments ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (args ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (kw) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, implementing the) Tj T* 0 Tw (wanted capability, i.e. memoization in this case:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm 1.716412 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (takes two arguments, a caller function describing the functionality of the decorator and a) Tj T* 0 Tw .821984 Tw (function to be decorated; it returns the decorated function. The caller function must have signature ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (\(f,) Tj T* 0 Tw .65061 Tw (*args, **kw\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and it must call the original function ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (with arguments ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (args ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (kw) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, implementing the) Tj T* 0 Tw (wanted capability, i.e. memoization in this case:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 146.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 122.0236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2058,50 +2181,31 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 144 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 122 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (_memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# frozenset is used to ensure hashability) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (frozenset) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (kw) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (iteritems) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# attributed added by memoize) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 125.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (_memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# frozenset is used to ensure hashability) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (frozenset) Tj (\() Tj (kw) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (iteritems) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# attributed added by memoize) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (key) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (cache) Tj ([) Tj (key) Tj (]) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 126.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 102.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (At this point you can define your decorator as follows:) Tj T* ET -Q -Q -q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 80.82362 cm -q -q -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm -q -1 0 0 1 6.6 6.6 cm -q -.662745 .662745 .662745 RG -.5 w -.960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* -Q -q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ET -Q -Q -Q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (At this point you can define your decorator as follows:) Tj T* ET Q Q endstream + endobj -% 'R83': class PDFStream -83 0 obj +% 'R89': class PDFStream +89 0 obj % page stream -<< /Length 7825 >> +<< /Length 7170 >> stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 739.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 715.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2111,30 +2215,30 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 24 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj (_memoize) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (cache) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj (_memoize) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 695.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 671.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .12561 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The difference with respect to the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize_uw ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (approach, which is based on nested functions, is that the) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.59528 Tw (decorator module forces you to lift the inner function at the outer level \() Tj /F5 10 Tf (flat is better than nested) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\).) Tj T* 0 Tw (Moreover, you are forced to pass explicitly the function you want to decorate to the caller function.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm .12561 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The difference with respect to the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (memoize_uw ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (approach, which is based on nested functions, is that the) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.59528 Tw (decorator module forces you to lift the inner function at the outer level \() Tj /F5 10 Tf (flat is better than nested) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\).) Tj T* 0 Tw (Moreover, you are forced to pass explicitly the function you want to decorate to the caller function.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 677.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 653.8236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is a test of usage:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is a test of usage:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 536.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 512.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2147,20 +2251,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 132 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 110 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (heavy_computation) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("done") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (heavy_computation) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the first time it will take 2 seconds) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (done) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (heavy_computation) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the second time it will be instantaneous) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (done) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 113.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@memoize) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (heavy_computation) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("done") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (heavy_computation) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the first time it will take 2 seconds) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (done) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (heavy_computation) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the second time it will be instantaneous) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (done) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 516.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 492.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The signature of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (heavy_computation ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is the one you would expect:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The signature of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (heavy_computation ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is the one you would expect:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 471.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 447.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2173,26 +2277,26 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (heavy_computation) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (heavy_computation) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 438.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 414.4236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (A ) Tj /F3 17.5 Tf (trace ) Tj /F2 17.5 Tf (decorator) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (A ) Tj /F3 17.5 Tf (trace ) Tj /F2 17.5 Tf (decorator) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 408.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 384.4236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .479398 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (As an additional example, here is how you can define a trivial ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator, which prints a message) Tj T* 0 Tw (everytime the traced function is called:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .479398 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (As an additional example, here is how you can define a trivial ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator, which prints a message) Tj T* 0 Tw (everytime the traced function is called:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 351.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 327.2236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2205,14 +2309,14 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (_trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("calling ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ( with args ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (%) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__name__) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (_trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("calling ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ( with args ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (%) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__name__) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 306.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 282.0236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2225,21 +2329,21 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj (_trace) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj (_trace) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 286.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 262.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is an example of usage:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is an example of usage:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 228.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 204.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2252,20 +2356,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (x) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (x) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 208.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 184.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It is immediate to verify that ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f1 ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (works) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It is immediate to verify that ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f1 ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (works) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 163.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 139.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2278,21 +2382,31 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (calling) Tj ( ) Tj (f1) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,\),) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (calling) Tj ( ) Tj (f1) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,\),) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 143.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 119.6236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (and it that it has the correct signature:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (and it that it has the correct signature:) Tj T* ET Q Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R90': class PDFStream +90 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 6427 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 98.42362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 727.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2305,30 +2419,21 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (f1) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('x') Tj 0 0 0 rg (],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (f1) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('x') Tj 0 0 0 rg (],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 78.42362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 707.8236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (The same decorator works with functions of any signature:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (The same decorator works with functions of any signature:) Tj T* ET Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R84': class PDFStream -84 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 8633 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 645.178 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 579.978 cm q q .988825 0 0 .988825 0 0 cm @@ -2341,26 +2446,34 @@ q n -6 -6 474 120 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 98 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (x) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (y) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (z) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (calling) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\),) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('x') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('y') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('z') Tj 0 0 0 rg (],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('args') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('kw') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 101.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (x) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (y) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (z) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (calling) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\),) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (getargspec) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* (ArgSpec) Tj (\() Tj (args) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ([) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('x') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('y') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('z') Tj 0 0 0 rg (],) Tj ( ) Tj (varargs) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('args') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (keywords) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('kw') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (defaults) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 612.178 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 546.978 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F3 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (decorator ) Tj /F2 17.5 Tf (is a decorator) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Function annotations) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 510.178 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 492.978 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 86 Tm .643876 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It may be annoying to write a caller function \(like the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (_trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function above\) and then a trivial wrapper) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.803615 Tw (\() Tj /F4 10 Tf (def trace\(f\): return decorator\(_trace, f\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\) every time. For this reason, the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator) Tj T* 0 Tw .334269 Tw /F1 10 Tf (module provides an easy shortcut to convert the caller function into a signature-preserving decorator: you) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.443735 Tw (can just call ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (with a single argument. In our example you can just write ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace =) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.056342 Tw (decorator\(_trace\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. The ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function can also be used as a signature-changing decorator,) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.177752 Tw (just as ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (classmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (staticmethod) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. However, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (classmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (staticmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (return) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.693615 Tw (generic objects which are not callable, while ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (returns signature-preserving decorators, i.e.) Tj T* 0 Tw (functions of a single argument. For instance, you can write directly) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm 1.937318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Python 3 introduced the concept of ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (function annotations) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,i.e. the ability to annotate the signature of a) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.24816 Tw (function with additional information, stored in a dictionary named ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__annotations__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. The decorator) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.097485 Tw (module, starting from release 3.3 is able to understand and to preserve the annotations. Here is an) Tj T* 0 Tw (example:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 440.978 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 486.978 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 207.859 cm +0 0 0 rg +BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm T* ET +q +1 0 0 1 20 217.919 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2370,23 +2483,57 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B* +n -6 -6 442.6898 60 re B* +Q +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 41.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( @trace) Tj T* (... def f\(x: 'the first argument', y: 'default argument'=1, z=2, *args:) Tj T* ('varargs', **kw: 'kwargs'\):) Tj T* (... pass) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +Q +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 20 0 cm +q +q +.984011 0 0 .984011 0 0 cm +q +1 0 0 1 6.6 6.707243 cm +q +.662745 .662745 .662745 RG +.5 w +.960784 .960784 .862745 rg +n -6 -6 456 204 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@decorator) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("calling ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ( with args ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (%) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__name__) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 185.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( from inspect import getfullargspec) Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( argspec = getfullargspec\(f\)) Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( argspec.args) Tj T* (['x', 'y', 'z']) Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( argspec.varargs) Tj T* ('args') Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( argspec.varkw) Tj T* ('kw') Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( argspec.defaults) Tj T* (\(1, 2\)) Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( argspec.kwonlyargs) Tj T* ([]) Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( argspec.kwonlydefaults) Tj T* (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( sorted\(argspec.annotations.items\(\)\)) Tj T* ([\('args', 'varargs'\), \('kw', 'kwargs'\), \('x', 'the first argument'\), \('y',) Tj T* ('default argument'\)]) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +Q Q Q +q Q Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 207.859 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 408.978 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 189.859 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.806654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (and now ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will be a decorator. Actually ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (partial ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object which can be used as a) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorator:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You can also check that the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__annotations__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (dictionary is preserved:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 363.778 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 183.859 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 146.659 cm +0 0 0 rg +BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm T* ET +q +1 0 0 1 20 0 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2396,24 +2543,38 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* +n -6 -6 448.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (trace) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (function) Tj ( ) Tj (trace) Tj ( ) Tj (at) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (x) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj (>) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( f.__annotations__ == f.undecorated.__annotations__) Tj T* (True) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 343.778 cm +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 146.659 cm +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 128.659 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is an example of usage:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (The two dictionaries are different objects, though:) Tj T* ET +Q Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 122.659 cm Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 262.578 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 85.45897 cm +0 0 0 rg +BT /F1 10 Tf 12 TL ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm T* ET +q +1 0 0 1 20 0 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2423,35 +2584,45 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 72 re B* +n -6 -6 448.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (func) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* (calling) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj ( ) Tj (\(\),) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj ( id\(f.__annotations__\) != id\(f.undecorated.__annotations__\)) Tj T* (True) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 230.578 cm -q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 2.44686 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If you are using an old Python version \(Python 2.4\) the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module provides a poor man) Tj T* 0 Tw (replacement for ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (functools.partial) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 197.578 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 85.45897 cm +Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R91': class PDFStream +91 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 8378 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 744.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F3 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (blocking) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F3 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (decorator ) Tj /F2 17.5 Tf (is a decorator) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 155.578 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 642.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 1.224692 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Sometimes one has to deal with blocking resources, such as ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (stdin) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, and sometimes it is best to have) Tj T* 0 Tw .266235 Tw (back a "busy" message than to block everything. This behavior can be implemented with a suitable family) Tj T* 0 Tw (of decorators, where the parameter is the busy message:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 88.82 Tm .643876 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It may be annoying to write a caller function \(like the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (_trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function above\) and then a trivial wrapper) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.803615 Tw (\() Tj /F4 10 Tf (def trace\(f\): return decorator\(_trace, f\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\) every time. For this reason, the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator) Tj T* 0 Tw .334269 Tw /F1 10 Tf (module provides an easy shortcut to convert the caller function into a signature-preserving decorator: you) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.443735 Tw (can just call ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (with a single argument. In our example you can just write ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace =) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.056342 Tw (decorator\(_trace\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. The ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (function can also be used as a signature-changing decorator,) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.177752 Tw (just as ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (classmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (staticmethod) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. However, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (classmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (staticmethod ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (return) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.693615 Tw (generic objects which are not callable, while ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (returns signature-preserving decorators, i.e.) Tj T* 0 Tw (functions of a single argument. For instance, you can write directly) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 86.378 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 572.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2464,23 +2635,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (blocking) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (not_avail) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (blocking) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (not) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (hasattr) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("thread") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# no thread running) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (set_result) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 41.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@decorator) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("calling ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ( with args ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (, ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (%) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__name__) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R85': class PDFStream -85 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 7125 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 643.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 540.8236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm 1.806654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (and now ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will be a decorator. Actually ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (partial ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object which can be used as a) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorator:) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 495.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2490,23 +2658,24 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 120 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 98 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (threading) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (set_result) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (start) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (not_avail) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (elif) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (isAlive) Tj (\(\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (not_avail) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the thread is ended, return the stored result) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (del) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (result) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj (blocking) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (trace) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (function) Tj ( ) Tj (trace) Tj ( ) Tj (at) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (x) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj (>) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 611.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 475.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.010651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Functions decorated with ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (blocking ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will return a busy message if the resource is unavailable, and the) Tj T* 0 Tw (intended result if the resource is available. For instance:) Tj T* ET +0 0 0 rg +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is an example of usage:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 362.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 394.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2516,35 +2685,35 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 240 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 72 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 218 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@blocking) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Please wait ...") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (read_data) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# simulate a blocking resource) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("some data") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# data is not available yet) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (Please) Tj ( ) Tj (wait) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# data is not available yet) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (Please) Tj ( ) Tj (wait) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# data is not available yet) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (Please) Tj ( ) Tj (wait) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1.1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# after 3.1 seconds, data is available) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* (some) Tj ( ) Tj (data) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 53.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (func) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* (calling) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj ( ) Tj (\(\),) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 329.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 362.4236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F3 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (async) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm 2.44686 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (If you are using an old Python version \(Python 2.4\) the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module provides a poor man) Tj T* 0 Tw (replacement for ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (functools.partial) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 263.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 329.4236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 1.647485 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (We have just seen an examples of a simple decorator factory, implemented as a function returning a) Tj T* 0 Tw .29784 Tw (decorator. For more complex situations, it is more convenient to implement decorator factories as classes) Tj T* 0 Tw .657674 Tw (returning callable objects that can be used as signature-preserving decorators. The suggested pattern to) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.109398 Tw (do that is to introduce a helper method ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (call\(self, func, *args, **kw\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and to call it in the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__call__\(self, func\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (method.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F3 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (blocking) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 209.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 287.4236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm .166654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (As an example, here I show a decorator which is able to convert a blocking function into an asynchronous) Tj T* 0 Tw .437633 Tw (function. The function, when called, is executed in a separate thread. Moreover, it is possible to set three) Tj T* 0 Tw .074597 Tw (callbacks ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (on_success) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (on_failure ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (on_closing) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, to specify how to manage the function call. The) Tj T* 0 Tw (implementation is the following:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 1.224692 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Sometimes one has to deal with blocking resources, such as ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (stdin) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, and sometimes it is best to have) Tj T* 0 Tw .266235 Tw (back a "busy" message than to block everything. This behavior can be implemented with a suitable family) Tj T* 0 Tw (of decorators, where the parameter is the busy message:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 152.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 110.2236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2554,17 +2723,33 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 168 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (on_success) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (result) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# default implementation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Called on the result of the function") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 149.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (blocking) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (not_avail) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (blocking) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (not) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (hasattr) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("thread") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# no thread running) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (set_result) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (threading) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (set_result) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (start) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (not_avail) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (elif) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (isAlive) Tj (\(\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (not_avail) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the thread is ended, return the stored result) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (del) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (thread) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (result) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj (blocking) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +Q Q Q Q Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 78.22362 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm 1.010651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Functions decorated with ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (blocking ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will return a busy message if the resource is unavailable, and the) Tj T* 0 Tw (intended result if the resource is available. For instance:) Tj T* ET Q +Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R92': class PDFStream +92 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 6607 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 95.22362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 523.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2574,26 +2759,35 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 240 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (on_failure) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (exc_info) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# default implementation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Called if the function fails") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 221.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@blocking) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Please wait ...") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (read_data) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# simulate a blocking resource) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("some data") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# data is not available yet) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (Please) Tj ( ) Tj (wait) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# data is not available yet) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (Please) Tj ( ) Tj (wait) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# data is not available yet) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* (Please) Tj ( ) Tj (wait) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1.1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# after 3.1 seconds, data is available) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (read_data) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* (some) Tj ( ) Tj (data) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R86': class PDFStream -86 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 7309 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 715.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 490.8236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F3 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (async) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 424.8236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 52.82 Tm 1.647485 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (We have just seen an examples of a simple decorator factory, implemented as a function returning a) Tj T* 0 Tw .29784 Tw (decorator. For more complex situations, it is more convenient to implement decorator factories as classes) Tj T* 0 Tw .657674 Tw (returning callable objects that can be used as signature-preserving decorators. The suggested pattern to) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.109398 Tw (do that is to introduce a helper method ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (call\(self, func, *args, **kw\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and to call it in the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__call__\(self, func\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (method.) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 370.8236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm .166654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (As an example, here I show a decorator which is able to convert a blocking function into an asynchronous) Tj T* 0 Tw .437633 Tw (function. The function, when called, is executed in a separate thread. Moreover, it is possible to set three) Tj T* 0 Tw .074597 Tw (callbacks ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (on_success) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (on_failure ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (on_closing) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, to specify how to manage the function call. The) Tj T* 0 Tw (implementation is the following:) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 313.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2606,14 +2800,14 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (on_closing) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# default implementation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Called at the end, both in case of success and failure") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (on_success) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (result) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# default implementation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Called on the result of the function") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 274.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 256.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2623,30 +2817,37 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 432 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 410 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (class) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (Async) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (object) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (""") Tj T* ( A decorator converting blocking functions into asynchronous) Tj T* ( functions, by using threads or processes. Examples:) Tj T* T* ( async_with_threads = Async\(threading.Thread\)) Tj T* ( async_with_processes = Async\(multiprocessing.Process\)) Tj T* ( """) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__init__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (threadfactory) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (threadfactory) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (threadfactory) Tj T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__call__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (on_success) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_success) Tj (,) Tj T* ( ) Tj (on_failure) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_failure) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (on_closing) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_closing) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# every decorated function has its own independent thread counter) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (counter) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (itertools) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (count) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_success) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (on_success) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_failure) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (on_failure) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_closing) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (on_closing) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (call) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (call) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (func_wrapper) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (try) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (except) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_failure) Tj (\() Tj (sys) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (exc_info) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_success) Tj (\() Tj (result) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (finally) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_closing) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (name) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (') Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (-) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (') Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (%) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (\() Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__name__) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (next) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (counter) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (thread) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (threadfactory) Tj (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func_wrapper) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (name) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (thread) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (start) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (thread) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (on_failure) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (exc_info) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# default implementation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Called if the function fails") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 242.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 199.2236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .865984 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The decorated function returns the current execution thread, which can be stored and checked later, for) Tj T* 0 Tw (instance to verify that the thread ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (.isAlive\(\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET -Q -Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 200.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm q -0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .691654 Tw (Here is an example of usage. Suppose one wants to write some data to an external resource which can) Tj T* 0 Tw .21683 Tw (be accessed by a single user at once \(for instance a printer\). Then the access to the writing function must) Tj T* 0 Tw (be locked. Here is a minimalistic example:) Tj T* ET +1 0 0 1 6.6 6.6 cm +q +.662745 .662745 .662745 RG +.5 w +.960784 .960784 .862745 rg +n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* +Q +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (on_closing) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# default implementation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("Called at the end, both in case of success and failure") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 83.42362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 82.02362 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2659,7 +2860,7 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 108 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 86 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (async) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (Async) Tj (\() Tj (threading) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\)) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (datalist) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj ([]) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# for simplicity the written data are stored into a list.) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@async) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (write) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (data) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# append data to the datalist by locking) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (threading) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Lock) Tj (\(\):) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 89.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (class) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (Async) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (object) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (""") Tj T* ( A decorator converting blocking functions into asynchronous) Tj T* ( functions, by using threads or processes. Examples:) Tj T* T* ( async_with_threads = Async\(threading.Thread\)) Tj T* ( async_with_processes = Async\(multiprocessing.Process\)) Tj T* ( """) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ET Q Q Q @@ -2667,15 +2868,16 @@ Q Q endstream + endobj -% 'R87': class PDFStream -87 0 obj +% 'R93': class PDFStream +93 0 obj % page stream -<< /Length 7802 >> +<< /Length 7852 >> stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 715.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 427.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2685,23 +2887,30 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 336 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# emulate some long running operation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (datalist) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (append) Tj (\() Tj (data) Tj (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# other operations not requiring a lock here) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 317.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__init__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (threadfactory) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (threadfactory) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (threadfactory) Tj T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__call__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (on_success) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_success) Tj (,) Tj T* ( ) Tj (on_failure) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_failure) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (on_closing) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_closing) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# every decorated function has its own independent thread counter) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (counter) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (itertools) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (count) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_success) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (on_success) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_failure) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (on_failure) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_closing) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (on_closing) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator) Tj (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (call) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (call) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (func_wrapper) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (try) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (except) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_failure) Tj (\() Tj (sys) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (exc_info) Tj (\(\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_success) Tj (\() Tj (result) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (finally) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (on_closing) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (name) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (') Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (-) Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (') Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (%) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (\() Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__name__) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (next) Tj (\() Tj (func) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (counter) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (thread) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (threadfactory) Tj (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (None) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func_wrapper) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (name) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (thread) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (start) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (thread) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 683.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 395.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .905868 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Each call to ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (write ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will create a new writer thread, but there will be no synchronization problems since) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (write ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is locked.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .865984 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The decorated function returns the current execution thread, which can be stored and checked later, for) Tj T* 0 Tw (instance to verify that the thread ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (.isAlive\(\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 518.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 353.8236 cm +q +0 0 0 rg +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .691654 Tw (Here is an example of usage. Suppose one wants to write some data to an external resource which can) Tj T* 0 Tw .21683 Tw (be accessed by a single user at once \(for instance a printer\). Then the access to the writing function must) Tj T* 0 Tw (be locked. Here is a minimalistic example:) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 200.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2711,35 +2920,53 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 156 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 144 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 134 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (write) Tj (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("data1") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\() Tj (write) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (started) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# wait a bit, so we are sure data2 is written after data1) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (write) Tj (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("data2") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\() Tj (write) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (started) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# wait for the writers to complete) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (datalist) Tj (\)) Tj T* ([) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('data1') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('data2') Tj 0 0 0 rg (]) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 125.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (async) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (Async) Tj (\() Tj (threading) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\)) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (datalist) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj ([]) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# for simplicity the written data are stored into a list.) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@async) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (write) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (data) Tj (\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# append data to the datalist by locking) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (with) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (threading) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Lock) Tj (\(\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# emulate some long running operation) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (datalist) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (append) Tj (\() Tj (data) Tj (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# other operations not requiring a lock here) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 485.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 168.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The ) Tj /F3 17.5 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F2 17.5 Tf (class) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .905868 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Each call to ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (write ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will create a new writer thread, but there will be no synchronization problems since) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (write ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is locked.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 419.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 87.42362 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 2.241412 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You may wonder about how the functionality of the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module is implemented. The basic) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.545868 Tw (building block is a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (class which is able to generate on the fly functions with a given) Tj T* 0 Tw .047485 Tw (name and signature from a function template passed as a string. Generally speaking, you should not need) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.164983 Tw (to resort to ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (when writing ordinary decorators, but it is handy in some circumstances.) Tj T* 0 Tw (You will see an example shortly, in the implementation of a cool decorator utility \() Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\).) Tj T* ET -Q -Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 377.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm +q +1 0 0 1 6.6 6.6 cm +q +.662745 .662745 .662745 RG +.5 w +.960784 .960784 .862745 rg +n -6 -6 468.6898 72 re B* +Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .414597 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (provides a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (classmethod which takes as input the name, signature, and body) Tj T* 0 Tw .632927 Tw (of the function we want to generate as well as the execution environment were the function is generated) Tj T* 0 Tw (by ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. Here is an example:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 53.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (write) Tj (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("data1") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\() Tj (write) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (started) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# wait a bit, so we are sure data2 is written after data1) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* ET +Q Q Q +Q +Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R94': class PDFStream +94 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 8123 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 284.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 667.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2749,35 +2976,35 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 84 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 96 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# a function with a generic signature) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (FunctionMaker) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (create) Tj (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f1\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (dict) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (f) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 77.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (write) Tj (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("data2") Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (Thread) Tj (\() Tj (write) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (started) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (time) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (sleep) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# wait for the writers to complete) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (datalist) Tj (\)) Tj T* ([) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('data1') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('data2') Tj 0 0 0 rg (]) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 252.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 634.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .226654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It is important to notice that the function body is interpolated before being executed, so be careful with the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (% ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (sign!) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The ) Tj /F3 17.5 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F2 17.5 Tf (class) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 210.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 568.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 1.995433 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (also accepts keyword arguments and such arguments are attached to the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.64686 Tw (resulting function. This is useful if you want to set some function attributes, for instance the docstring) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__doc__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 52.82 Tm 2.241412 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You may wonder about how the functionality of the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module is implemented. The basic) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.545868 Tw (building block is a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (class which is able to generate on the fly functions with a given) Tj T* 0 Tw .047485 Tw (name and signature from a function template passed as a string. Generally speaking, you should not need) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.164983 Tw (to resort to ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (when writing ordinary decorators, but it is handy in some circumstances.) Tj T* 0 Tw (You will see an example shortly, in the implementation of a cool decorator utility \() Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\).) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 168.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 526.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .605318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (For debugging/introspection purposes it may be useful to see the source code of the generated function;) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.246235 Tw (to do that, just pass the flag ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (addsource=True ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__source__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (attribute will be added to the) Tj T* 0 Tw (generated function:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm .414597 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (provides a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (classmethod which takes as input the name, signature, and body) Tj T* 0 Tw .632927 Tw (of the function we want to generate as well as the execution environment were the function is generated) Tj T* 0 Tw (by ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. Here is an example:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 87.22362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 433.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2787,26 +3014,35 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 72 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 84 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (FunctionMaker) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (create) Tj (\() Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f1\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (dict) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (f) Tj (\),) Tj ( ) Tj (addsource) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f1) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__source__) Tj (\)) Tj T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (a) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (b) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj (a) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (b) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 65.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# a function with a generic signature) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (FunctionMaker) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (create) Tj (\() Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f1\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (dict) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (f) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj ( ) Tj ({}) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R88': class PDFStream -88 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 7919 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 739.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 401.6236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .226654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It is important to notice that the function body is interpolated before being executed, so be careful with the) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (% ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (sign!) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 359.6236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 1.995433 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (also accepts keyword arguments and such arguments are attached to the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.64686 Tw (resulting function. This is useful if you want to set some function attributes, for instance the docstring) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__doc__) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 317.6236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm .605318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (For debugging/introspection purposes it may be useful to see the source code of the generated function;) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.246235 Tw (to do that, just pass the flag ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (addsource=True ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__source__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (attribute will be added to the) Tj T* 0 Tw (generated function:) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 224.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2816,41 +3052,51 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 24 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 84 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (BLANKLINE) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 65.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f1) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (FunctionMaker) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (create) Tj (\() Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f1\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('f\(a, b\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (dict) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (f) Tj (\),) Tj ( ) Tj (addsource) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f1) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (__source__) Tj (\)) Tj T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (a) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (b) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj (a) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (b) Tj (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (BLANKLINE) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 599.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 84.42362 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 122 Tm .870651 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (can take as first argument a string, as in the examples before, or a function.) Tj T* 0 Tw .224985 Tw (This is the most common usage, since typically you want to decorate a pre-existing function. A framework) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.606136 Tw (author may want to use directly ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (instead of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, since it gives you) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.36686 Tw (direct access to the body of the generated function. For instance, suppose you want to instrument the) Tj T* 0 Tw .372209 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__init__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (methods of a set of classes, by preserving their signature \(such use case is not made up; this) Tj T* 0 Tw .673828 Tw (is done in SQAlchemy and in other frameworks\). When the first argument of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker.create) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.405814 Tw /F1 10 Tf (is a function, a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object is instantiated internally, with attributes ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (args) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (varargs) Tj /F1 10 Tf (,) Tj T* 0 Tw 5.509982 Tw /F4 10 Tf (keywords ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (defaults ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (which are the the return values of the standard library function) Tj T* 0 Tw .561318 Tw /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getargspec) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. For each argument in the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (args ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\(which is a list of strings containing the names) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.599985 Tw (of the mandatory arguments\) an attribute ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (arg0) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (arg1) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ..., ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (argN ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is also generated. Finally, there is a) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (signature ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (attribute, a string with the signature of the original function.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 124.82 Tm .870651 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (can take as first argument a string, as in the examples before, or a function.) Tj T* 0 Tw .224985 Tw (This is the most common usage, since typically you want to decorate a pre-existing function. A framework) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.606136 Tw (author may want to use directly ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (instead of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, since it gives you) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.36686 Tw (direct access to the body of the generated function. For instance, suppose you want to instrument the) Tj T* 0 Tw .372209 Tw /F4 10 Tf (__init__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (methods of a set of classes, by preserving their signature \(such use case is not made up; this) Tj T* 0 Tw .673828 Tw (is done in SQAlchemy and in other frameworks\). When the first argument of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker.create) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.405814 Tw /F1 10 Tf (is a function, a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (object is instantiated internally, with attributes ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (args) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (varargs) Tj /F1 10 Tf (,) Tj T* 0 Tw 5.509982 Tw /F4 10 Tf (keywords ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (defaults ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (which are the the return values of the standard library function) Tj T* 0 Tw .561318 Tw /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getargspec) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. For each argument in the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (args ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\(which is a list of strings containing the names) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.599985 Tw (of the mandatory arguments\) an attribute ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (arg0) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (arg1) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, ..., ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (argN ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is also generated. Finally, there is a) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (signature ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (attribute, a string with the signature of the original function.) Tj T* ET Q Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R95': class PDFStream +95 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 7210 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 521.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 693.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 4.63311 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice that while I do not have plans to change or remove the functionality provided in the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.00936 Tw /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (class, I do not guarantee that it will stay unchanged forever. For instance, right now I) Tj T* 0 Tw .791318 Tw (am using the traditional string interpolation syntax for function templates, but Python 2.6 and Python 3.0) Tj T* 0 Tw .712093 Tw (provide a newer interpolation syntax and I may use the new syntax in the future. On the other hand, the) Tj T* 0 Tw .639985 Tw (functionality provided by ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (has been there from version 0.1 and it is guaranteed to stay there) Tj T* 0 Tw (forever.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 64.82 Tm 4.63311 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice that while I do not have plans to change or remove the functionality provided in the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.00936 Tw /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (class, I do not guarantee that it will stay unchanged forever. For instance, right now I) Tj T* 0 Tw .791318 Tw (am using the traditional string interpolation syntax for function templates, but Python 2.6 and Python 3.0) Tj T* 0 Tw .712093 Tw (provide a newer interpolation syntax and I may use the new syntax in the future. On the other hand, the) Tj T* 0 Tw .639985 Tw (functionality provided by ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (has been there from version 0.1 and it is guaranteed to stay there) Tj T* 0 Tw (forever.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 488.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 660.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Getting the source code) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Getting the source code) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 410.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 582.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 5.045529 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Internally ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (uses ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to generate the decorated function. Therefore) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.542126 Tw /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will not work for decorated functions. That means that the usual '??' trick in) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.163059 Tw (IPython will give you the \(right on the spot\) message ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (Dynamically generated function. No) Tj T* 0 Tw .563314 Tw (source code available) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. In the past I have considered this acceptable, since ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.790697 Tw /F1 10 Tf (does not really work even with regular decorators. In that case ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (gives you the) Tj T* 0 Tw (wrapper source code which is probably not what you want:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 64.82 Tm 5.045529 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Internally ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker.create ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (uses ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to generate the decorated function. Therefore) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.542126 Tw /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will not work for decorated functions. That means that the usual '??' trick in) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.163059 Tw (IPython will give you the \(right on the spot\) message ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (Dynamically generated function. No) Tj T* 0 Tw .563314 Tw (source code available) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. In the past I have considered this acceptable, since ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.790697 Tw /F1 10 Tf (does not really work even with regular decorators. In that case ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (gives you the) Tj T* 0 Tw (wrapper source code which is probably not what you want:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 341.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 512.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2863,14 +3109,14 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (identity_dec) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (wrapper) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (wrapper) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 41.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (identity_dec) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (wrapper) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (wrapper) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 236.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 407.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2883,20 +3129,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 96 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 74 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (@identity_dec) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (example) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (inspect) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (getsource) Tj (\() Tj (example) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (wrapper) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (BLANKLINE) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 77.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (@identity_dec) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (example) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (inspect) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (getsource) Tj (\() Tj (example) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (wrapper) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (BLANKLINE) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 180.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 351.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 1.471235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\(see bug report ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (1764286 ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (for an explanation of what is happening\). Unfortunately the bug is still there,) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.541235 Tw (even in Python 2.7 and 3.1. There is however a workaround. The decorator module adds an attribute) Tj T* 0 Tw .103984 Tw /F4 10 Tf (.undecorated ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to the decorated function, containing a reference to the original function. The easy way to) Tj T* 0 Tw (get the source code is to call ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (on the undecorated function:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm 1.471235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\(see bug report ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (1764286 ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (for an explanation of what is happening\). Unfortunately the bug is still there,) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.541235 Tw (even in Python 2.7 and 3.1. There is however a workaround. The decorator module adds an attribute) Tj T* 0 Tw .103984 Tw /F4 10 Tf (.undecorated ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to the decorated function, containing a reference to the original function. The easy way to) Tj T* 0 Tw (get the source code is to call ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect.getsource ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (on the undecorated function:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 87.22362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 246.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2906,26 +3152,29 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 84 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 96 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (inspect) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (getsource) Tj (\() Tj (factorial) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (undecorated) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* .666667 .133333 1 rg (@tail_recursive) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (factorial) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (n) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (acc) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("The good old factorial") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (==) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (acc) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (factorial) Tj (\() Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (acc) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 77.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (inspect) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (getsource) Tj (\() Tj (factorial) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (undecorated) Tj (\)\)) Tj T* .666667 .133333 1 rg (@tail_recursive) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (factorial) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (n) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (acc) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("The good old factorial") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (==) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (acc) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (factorial) Tj (\() Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (acc) Tj (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (BLANKLINE) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R89': class PDFStream -89 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 7154 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 739.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 213.4236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Dealing with third party decorators) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 159.4236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm .321654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Sometimes you find on the net some cool decorator that you would like to include in your code. However,) Tj T* 0 Tw .50061 Tw (more often than not the cool decorator is not signature-preserving. Therefore you may want an easy way) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.814597 Tw (to upgrade third party decorators to signature-preserving decorators without having to rewrite them in) Tj T* 0 Tw (terms of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. You can use a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to implement that functionality as follows:) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 78.22362 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2935,29 +3184,27 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 24 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 72 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (<) Tj 0 0 0 rg (BLANKLINE) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 53.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (decorator_apply) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (dec) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (""") Tj T* ( Decorate a function by preserving the signature even if dec) Tj T* ( is not a signature-preserving decorator.) Tj T* ( """) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ET Q Q Q Q Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R96': class PDFStream +96 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 7685 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 706.8236 cm -q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Dealing with third party decorators) Tj T* ET -Q -Q -q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 652.8236 cm -q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm .321654 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Sometimes you find on the net some cool decorator that you would like to include in your code. However,) Tj T* 0 Tw .50061 Tw (more often than not the cool decorator is not signature-preserving. Therefore you may want an easy way) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.814597 Tw (to upgrade third party decorators to signature-preserving decorators without having to rewrite them in) Tj T* 0 Tw (terms of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. You can use a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to implement that functionality as follows:) Tj T* ET -Q -Q -q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 535.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 715.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -2967,35 +3214,35 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 108 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 86 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (decorator_apply) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (dec) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (""") Tj T* ( Decorate a function by preserving the signature even if dec) Tj T* ( is not a signature-preserving decorator.) Tj T* ( """) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (FunctionMaker) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (create) Tj (\() Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('return decorated\() Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%\(signature\)s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (dict) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (decorated) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (dec) Tj (\() Tj (func) Tj (\)\),) Tj ( ) Tj (undecorated) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (FunctionMaker) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (create) Tj (\() Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('return decorated\() Tj /F3 10 Tf .733333 .4 .533333 rg (%\(signature\)s) Tj /F4 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (\)') Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (dict) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (decorated) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (dec) Tj (\() Tj (func) Tj (\)\),) Tj ( ) Tj (undecorated) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 503.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 683.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .698314 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (decorator_apply ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (sets the attribute ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (.undecorated ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (of the generated function to the original function,) Tj T* 0 Tw (so that you can get the right source code.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .698314 Tw 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (decorator_apply ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (sets the attribute ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (.undecorated ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (of the generated function to the original function,) Tj T* 0 Tw (so that you can get the right source code.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 461.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 641.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm .13104 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice that I am not providing this functionality in the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module directly since I think it is best to) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.070751 Tw (rewrite the decorator rather than adding an additional level of indirection. However, practicality beats) Tj T* 0 Tw (purity, so you can add ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to your toolbox and use it if you need to.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm .13104 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Notice that I am not providing this functionality in the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module directly since I think it is best to) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.070751 Tw (rewrite the decorator rather than adding an additional level of indirection. However, practicality beats) Tj T* 0 Tw (purity, so you can add ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to your toolbox and use it if you need to.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 407.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 587.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 1.74881 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (In order to give an example of usage of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, I will show a pretty slick decorator that) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.276651 Tw (converts a tail-recursive function in an iterative function. I have shamelessly stolen the basic idea from) Tj T* 0 Tw 43.62829 Tw (Kay Schluehr's recipe in the Python Cookbook,) Tj T* 0 Tw 0 0 .501961 rg (http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496691) Tj 0 0 0 rg (.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm 1.74881 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (In order to give an example of usage of ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, I will show a pretty slick decorator that) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.276651 Tw (converts a tail-recursive function in an iterative function. I have shamelessly stolen the basic idea from) Tj T* 0 Tw 43.62829 Tw (Kay Schluehr's recipe in the Python Cookbook,) Tj T* 0 Tw 0 0 .501961 rg (http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496691) Tj 0 0 0 rg (.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 86.42362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 218.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3005,26 +3252,24 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 312 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 360 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 290 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (class) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (TailRecursive) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (object) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (""") Tj T* ( tail_recursive decorator based on Kay Schluehr's recipe) Tj T* ( http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496691) Tj T* ( with improvements by me and George Sakkis.) Tj T* ( """) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__init__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (func) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (CONTINUE) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (object) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# sentinel) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__call__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kwd) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (CONTINUE) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (CONTINUE) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (func) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (False) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (try) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (while) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kwd) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (is) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (CONTINUE) Tj (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# update arguments) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kwd) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (argskwd) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# last call) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (finally) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 341.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (class) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 0 1 rg (TailRecursive) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (object) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (""") Tj T* ( tail_recursive decorator based on Kay Schluehr's recipe) Tj T* ( http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496691) Tj T* ( with improvements by me and George Sakkis.) Tj T* ( """) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__init__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (func) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (CONTINUE) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (object) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# sentinel) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (__call__) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kwd) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj (CONTINUE) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (CONTINUE) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (func) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (func) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (False) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (try) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (while) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kwd) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (is) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (CONTINUE) Tj (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# update arguments) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kwd) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (argskwd) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# last call) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (result) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (finally) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# return the arguments of the tail call) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (argskwd) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kwd) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (CONTINUE) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R90': class PDFStream -90 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 5831 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 703.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 198.6236 cm +q +0 0 0 rg +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here the decorator is implemented as a class returning callable objects.) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 153.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3034,24 +3279,24 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (firstcall) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (True) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (else) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# return the arguments of the tail call) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (self) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (argskwd) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (kwd) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (CONTINUE) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (tail_recursive) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator_apply) Tj (\() Tj (TailRecursive) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 683.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 133.4236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here the decorator is implemented as a class returning callable objects.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 4.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is how you apply the upgraded decorator to the good old factorial:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 638.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 88.22362 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3064,21 +3309,24 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (tail_recursive) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (func) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (decorator_apply) Tj (\() Tj (TailRecursive) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (func) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET -Q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (@tail_recursive) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (factorial) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (n) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (acc) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q -q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 618.6236 cm -q -0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 2 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL (Here is how you apply the upgraded decorator to the good old factorial:) Tj T* ET -Q Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R97': class PDFStream +97 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 5067 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 537.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 715.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3088,17 +3336,17 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 72 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (@tail_recursive) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (factorial) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (n) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (acc) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("The good old factorial") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (==) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (acc) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (factorial) Tj (\() Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (acc) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("The good old factorial") Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (==) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (acc) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (factorial) Tj (\() Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (acc) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 492.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 670.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3111,20 +3359,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (factorial) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (4) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (24) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 17.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (factorial) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (4) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (24) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 436.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 614.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 38 Tm .188935 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (This decorator is pretty impressive, and should give you some food for your mind ;\) Notice that there is no) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.339983 Tw (recursion limit now, and you can easily compute ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (factorial\(1001\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (or larger without filling the stack) Tj T* 0 Tw .909431 Tw (frame. Notice also that the decorator will not work on functions which are not tail recursive, such as the) Tj T* 0 Tw (following) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 40.82 Tm .188935 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (This decorator is pretty impressive, and should give you some food for your mind ;\) Notice that there is no) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.339983 Tw (recursion limit now, and you can easily compute ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (factorial\(1001\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (or larger without filling the stack) Tj T* 0 Tw .909431 Tw (frame. Notice also that the decorator will not work on functions which are not tail recursive, such as the) Tj T* 0 Tw (following) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 379.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 557.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3137,64 +3385,34 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (fact) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (n) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# this is not tail-recursive) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (==) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (fact) Tj (\() Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (fact) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (n) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# this is not tail-recursive) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (if) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (==) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (n) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (fact) Tj (\() Tj (n) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (-) Tj (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 347.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 525.4236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .541098 Tw (\(reminder: a function is tail recursive if it either returns a value without making a recursive call, or returns) Tj T* 0 Tw (directly the result of a recursive call\).) Tj T* ET -Q -Q -q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 314.0236 cm -q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Caveats and limitations) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .541098 Tw (\(reminder: a function is tail recursive if it either returns a value without making a recursive call, or returns) Tj T* 0 Tw (directly the result of a recursive call\).) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 284.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 492.4236 cm q -0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .474987 Tw (The first thing you should be aware of, it the fact that decorators have a performance penalty. The worse) Tj T* 0 Tw (case is shown by the following example:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Caveats and limitations) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 82.82362 cm -q -q -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm -q -1 0 0 1 6.6 6.6 cm -q -.662745 .662745 .662745 RG -.5 w -.960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 192 re B* -Q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 462.4236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 170 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL ($ cat performance.sh) Tj T* (python3 -m timeit -s ") Tj T* (from decorator import decorator) Tj T* T* (@decorator) Tj T* (def do_nothing\(func, *args, **kw\):) Tj T* ( return func\(*args, **kw\)) Tj T* T* (@do_nothing) Tj T* (def f\(\):) Tj T* ( pass) Tj T* (" "f\(\)") Tj T* T* (python3 -m timeit -s ") Tj T* (def f\(\):) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .474987 Tw (The first thing you should be aware of, it the fact that decorators have a performance penalty. The worse) Tj T* 0 Tw (case is shown by the following example:) Tj T* ET Q Q -Q -Q -Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R91': class PDFStream -91 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 7401 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 727.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 237.2236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3204,24 +3422,24 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 216 re B* Q q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL ( pass) Tj T* (" "f\(\)") Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 197.71 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL ($ cat performance.sh) Tj T* (python3 -m timeit -s ") Tj T* (from decorator import decorator) Tj T* T* (@decorator) Tj T* (def do_nothing\(func, *args, **kw\):) Tj T* ( return func\(*args, **kw\)) Tj T* T* (@do_nothing) Tj T* (def f\(\):) Tj T* ( pass) Tj T* (" "f\(\)") Tj T* T* (python3 -m timeit -s ") Tj T* (def f\(\):) Tj T* ( pass) Tj T* (" "f\(\)") Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 695.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 205.2236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .266235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (On my MacBook, using the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (do_nothing ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator instead of the plain function is more than three times) Tj T* 0 Tw (slower:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .266235 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (On my MacBook, using the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (do_nothing ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (decorator instead of the plain function is more than three times) Tj T* 0 Tw (slower:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 638.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 148.0236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3235,27 +3453,37 @@ n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL ($ bash performance.sh) Tj T* (1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.669 usec per loop) Tj T* (1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.181 usec per loop) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL ($ bash performance.sh) Tj T* (1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.669 usec per loop) Tj T* (1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.181 usec per loop) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 594.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 104.0236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 1.25832 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It should be noted that a real life function would probably do something more useful than ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (here, and) Tj T* 0 Tw .91811 Tw (therefore in real life the performance penalty could be completely negligible. As always, the only way to) Tj T* 0 Tw (know if there is a penalty in your specific use case is to measure it.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 1.25832 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (It should be noted that a real life function would probably do something more useful than ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (here, and) Tj T* 0 Tw .91811 Tw (therefore in real life the performance penalty could be completely negligible. As always, the only way to) Tj T* 0 Tw (know if there is a penalty in your specific use case is to measure it.) Tj T* ET Q Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R98': class PDFStream +98 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 8217 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 564.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 741.0236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .867984 Tw (You should be aware that decorators will make your tracebacks longer and more difficult to understand.) Tj T* 0 Tw (Consider this example:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .867984 Tw (You should be aware that decorators will make your tracebacks longer and more difficult to understand.) Tj T* 0 Tw (Consider this example:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 507.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 683.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3268,20 +3496,20 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 48 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj (/) Tj (0) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 29.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj (/) Tj (0) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 475.4236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 651.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .583318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Calling ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f\(\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will give you a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (ZeroDivisionError) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, but since the function is decorated the traceback will) Tj T* 0 Tw (be longer:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .583318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Calling ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f\(\) ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (will give you a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (ZeroDivisionError) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, but since the function is decorated the traceback will) Tj T* 0 Tw (be longer:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 346.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 522.6236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3294,38 +3522,38 @@ q n -6 -6 468.6898 120 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 98 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* (Traceback) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj (most) Tj ( ) Tj (recent) Tj ( ) Tj (call) Tj ( ) Tj (last) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (File) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj (<) Tj (string) Tj (>) Tj (") Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (line) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj T* ( ) Tj (File) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj (<) Tj (doctest __main__[22]) Tj (>) Tj (") Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (line) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (4) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (trace) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (File) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj (<) Tj (doctest __main__[51]) Tj (>) Tj (") Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (line) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj (/) Tj (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf .823529 .254902 .227451 rg (ZeroDivisionError) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (int) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (division) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (or) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (modulo) Tj ( ) Tj (by) Tj ( ) Tj (zero) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 101.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\(\)) Tj T* (Traceback) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj (most) Tj ( ) Tj (recent) Tj ( ) Tj (call) Tj ( ) Tj (last) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* ( ) Tj (File) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj (<) Tj (string) Tj (>) Tj (") Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (line) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj T* ( ) Tj (File) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj (<) Tj (doctest __main__[22]) Tj (>) Tj (") Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (line) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (4) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (trace) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj (\() Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (*) Tj 0 0 0 rg (args) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (**) Tj 0 0 0 rg (kw) Tj (\)) Tj T* ( ) Tj (File) Tj ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg (") Tj (<) Tj (doctest __main__[51]) Tj (>) Tj (") Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj (line) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg (,) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (1) Tj (/) Tj (0) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf .823529 .254902 .227451 rg (ZeroDivisionError) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj 0 .501961 0 rg (int) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (division) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (or) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (modulo) Tj ( ) Tj (by) Tj ( ) Tj (zero) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 278.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 454.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 1.05528 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You see here the inner call to the decorator ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, which calls ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f\(*args, **kw\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, and a reference to) Tj T* 0 Tw .265868 Tw /F4 10 Tf (File ") Tj (<) Tj (string) Tj (>) Tj (", line 2, in f) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. This latter reference is due to the fact that internally the decorator) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.053318 Tw (module uses ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to generate the decorated function. Notice that ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (not ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (responsibile for the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.507485 Tw (performance penalty, since is the called ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (only once ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (at function decoration time, and not every time the) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorated function is called.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 52.82 Tm 1.05528 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (You see here the inner call to the decorator ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (trace) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, which calls ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (f\(*args, **kw\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, and a reference to) Tj T* 0 Tw .265868 Tw /F4 10 Tf (File ") Tj (<) Tj (string) Tj (>) Tj (", line 2, in f) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. This latter reference is due to the fact that internally the decorator) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.053318 Tw (module uses ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (to generate the decorated function. Notice that ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (is ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (not ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (responsibile for the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.507485 Tw (performance penalty, since is the called ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (only once ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (at function decoration time, and not every time the) Tj T* 0 Tw (decorated function is called.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 200.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 376.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm .932209 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (At present, there is no clean way to avoid ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. A clean solution would require to change the CPython) Tj T* 0 Tw .777485 Tw (implementation of functions and add an hook to make it possible to change their signature directly. That) Tj T* 0 Tw .74186 Tw (could happen in future versions of Python \(see PEP ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (362) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\) and then the decorator module would become) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.385318 Tw (obsolete. However, at present, even in Python 3.1 it is impossible to change the function signature) Tj T* 0 Tw .931751 Tw (directly, therefore the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module is still useful. Actually, this is one of the main reasons why I) Tj T* 0 Tw (keep maintaining the module and releasing new versions.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 64.82 Tm .932209 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (At present, there is no clean way to avoid ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (exec) Tj /F1 10 Tf (. A clean solution would require to change the CPython) Tj T* 0 Tw .777485 Tw (implementation of functions and add an hook to make it possible to change their signature directly. That) Tj T* 0 Tw .74186 Tw (could happen in future versions of Python \(see PEP ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (362) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\) and then the decorator module would become) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.385318 Tw (obsolete. However, at present, even in Python 3.1 it is impossible to change the function signature) Tj T* 0 Tw .931751 Tw (directly, therefore the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module is still useful. Actually, this is one of the main reasons why I) Tj T* 0 Tw (keep maintaining the module and releasing new versions.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 158.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 334.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 26 Tm 1.043828 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (In the present implementation, decorators generated by ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (can only be used on user-defined) Tj T* 0 Tw .152485 Tw (Python functions or methods, not on generic callable objects, nor on built-in functions, due to limitations of) Tj T* 0 Tw (the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module in the standard library.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 1.043828 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (In the present implementation, decorators generated by ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (can only be used on user-defined) Tj T* 0 Tw .152485 Tw (Python functions or methods, not on generic callable objects, nor on built-in functions, due to limitations of) Tj T* 0 Tw (the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (inspect ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module in the standard library.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 128.2236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 304.6236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm .785777 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (There is a restriction on the names of the arguments: for instance, if try to call an argument ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (_call_ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (or) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (_func_ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (you will get a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (NameError) Tj /F1 10 Tf (:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm .785777 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (There is a restriction on the names of the arguments: for instance, if try to call an argument ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (_call_ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (or) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (_func_ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (you will get a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (NameError) Tj /F1 10 Tf (:) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 83.02362 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 187.4236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3335,26 +3563,23 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 36 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 108 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (_func_) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 89.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .666667 .133333 1 rg (@trace) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (_func_) Tj (\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (print) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj T* .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* (Traceback) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj (most) Tj ( ) Tj (recent) Tj ( ) Tj (call) Tj ( ) Tj (last) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf .823529 .254902 .227451 rg (NameError) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj (_func_) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (is) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (overridden) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (_func_) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (_call_) Tj (\() Tj (_func_) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (_func_) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R92': class PDFStream -92 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 7501 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 679.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 155.4236 cm +q +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm 1.533318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Finally, the implementation is such that the decorated function contains a ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (copy ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (of the original function) Tj T* 0 Tw (dictionary \() Tj /F4 10 Tf (vars\(decorated_f\) is not vars\(f\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\):) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 86.22362 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3364,23 +3589,27 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 84 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 60 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* (Traceback) Tj ( ) Tj (\() Tj (most) Tj ( ) Tj (recent) Tj ( ) Tj (call) Tj ( ) Tj (last) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (...) Tj 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf .823529 .254902 .227451 rg (NameError) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (:) Tj ( ) Tj (_func_) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (is) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (overridden) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf .666667 .133333 1 rg (in) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\() Tj (_func_) Tj (\):) Tj T* ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (return) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (_call_) Tj (\() Tj (_func_) Tj (,) Tj ( ) Tj (_func_) Tj (\)) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 41.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the original function) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr1) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("something") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# setting an attribute) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr2) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("something else") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# setting another attribute) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* ET Q Q Q Q Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R99': class PDFStream +99 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 6391 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 647.8236 cm -q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm 1.533318 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Finally, the implementation is such that the decorated function contains a ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (copy ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (of the original function) Tj T* 0 Tw (dictionary \() Tj /F4 10 Tf (vars\(decorated_f\) is not vars\(f\)) Tj /F1 10 Tf (\):) Tj T* ET -Q -Q -q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 494.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 667.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3390,75 +3619,97 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 144 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 96 re B* Q q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 122 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (def) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj 0 0 1 rg (f) Tj 0 0 0 rg (\(\):) Tj ( ) Tj /F3 10 Tf 0 .501961 0 rg (pass) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the original function) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr1) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("something") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# setting an attribute) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr2) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("something else") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# setting another attribute) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (traced_f) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (trace) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the decorated function) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (traced_f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr1) Tj T* .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('something') Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (traced_f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr2) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("something different") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# setting attr) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr2) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the original attribute did not change) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('something else') Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 77.71 Tm 12 TL /F4 10 Tf .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (traced_f) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (trace) Tj (\() Tj (f) Tj (\)) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the decorated function) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (traced_f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr1) Tj T* .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('something') Tj 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (traced_f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr2) Tj ( ) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (=) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ("something different") Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# setting attr) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .4 .4 .4 rg (>) Tj (>) Tj (>) Tj 0 0 0 rg ( ) Tj (f) Tj .4 .4 .4 rg (.) Tj 0 0 0 rg (attr2) Tj ( ) Tj /F6 10 Tf .25098 .501961 .501961 rg (# the original attribute did not change) Tj /F4 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg T* .729412 .129412 .129412 rg ('something else') Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 461.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 634.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Compatibility notes) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Compatibility notes) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 395.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 568.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 1.71811 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Version 3.2 is the first version of the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module to officially support Python 3. Actually, the) Tj T* 0 Tw .273516 Tw (module has supported Python 3 from the beginning, via the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (2to3 ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (conversion tool, but this step has been) Tj T* 0 Tw .37284 Tw (now integrated in the build process, thanks to the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (distribute ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (project, the Python 3-compatible replacement) Tj T* 0 Tw .11811 Tw (of easy_install. The hard work \(for me\) has been converting the documentation and the doctests. This has) Tj T* 0 Tw (been possible only now that ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (docutils ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (and ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (pygments ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (have been ported to Python 3.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 52.82 Tm 1.404985 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Version 3.3 is the first version of the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module to fully support Python 3, including ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (function) Tj T* 0 Tw .07881 Tw (annotations) Tj 0 0 0 rg (. Version 3.2 was the first version to support Python 3 via the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (2to3 ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (conversion tool invoked in) Tj T* 0 Tw .373555 Tw (the build process by the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (distribute ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (project, the Python 3-compatible replacement of easy_install. The hard) Tj T* 0 Tw .326235 Tw (work \(for me\) has been converting the documentation and the doctests. This has been possible only after) Tj T* 0 Tw (that ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (docutils ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (and ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (pygments ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (have been ported to Python 3.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 317.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 490.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 62 Tm 1.19561 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module ) Tj /F5 10 Tf (per se ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (does not contain any change, apart from the removal of the functions) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.348314 Tw /F4 10 Tf (get_info ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (new_wrapper) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, which have been deprecated for years. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (get_info ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (has been removed) Tj T* 0 Tw .921654 Tw (since it was little used and since it had to be changed anyway to work with Python 3.0; ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (new_wrapper) Tj T* 0 Tw .609318 Tw /F1 10 Tf (has been removed since it was useless: its major use case \(converting signature changing decorators to) Tj T* 0 Tw .028443 Tw (signature preserving decorators\) has been subsumed by ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and the other use case can) Tj T* 0 Tw (be managed with the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 64.82 Tm .793984 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Version 3 of the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (module do not contain any backward incompatible change, apart from the) Tj T* 0 Tw 3.63498 Tw (removal of the functions ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (get_info ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (and ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (new_wrapper) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, which have been deprecated for years.) Tj T* 0 Tw .293672 Tw /F4 10 Tf (get_info ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (has been removed since it was little used and since it had to be changed anyway to work with) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.298555 Tw (Python 3.0; ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (new_wrapper ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (has been removed since it was useless: its major use case \(converting) Tj T* 0 Tw 7.136976 Tw (signature changing decorators to signature preserving decorators\) has been subsumed by) Tj T* 0 Tw /F4 10 Tf (decorator_apply) Tj /F1 10 Tf (, whereas the other use case can be managed with the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (FunctionMaker) Tj /F1 10 Tf (.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 251.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 448.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm 1.329213 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (There are a few changes in the documentation: I removed the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_factory ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (example, which) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.562927 Tw (was confusing some of my users, and I removed the part about exotic signatures in the Python 3) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.20061 Tw (documentation, since Python 3 does not support them. Notice that there is no support for Python 3) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.163984 Tw 0 0 .501961 rg (function annotations ) Tj 0 0 0 rg (since it seems premature at the moment, when most people are still using Python) Tj T* 0 Tw (2.X.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 28.82 Tm 1.329213 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (There are a few changes in the documentation: I removed the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator_factory ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (example, which) Tj T* 0 Tw 2.562927 Tw (was confusing some of my users, and I removed the part about exotic signatures in the Python 3) Tj T* 0 Tw (documentation, since Python 3 does not support them.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 185.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 382.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm .942651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Finally ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (cannot be used as a class decorator and the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (functionality introduced in version 2.3) Tj T* 0 Tw .241163 Tw 0 0 0 rg (has been removed. That means that in order to define decorator factories with classes you need to define) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.122126 Tw (the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__call__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (method explicitly \(no magic anymore\). All these changes should not cause any trouble,) Tj T* 0 Tw .601163 Tw (since they were all rarely used features. Should you have any trouble, you can always downgrade to the) Tj T* 0 Tw (2.3 version.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 52.82 Tm .942651 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (Finally ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (decorator ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (cannot be used as a class decorator and the ) Tj 0 0 .501961 rg (functionality introduced in version 2.3) Tj T* 0 Tw .241163 Tw 0 0 0 rg (has been removed. That means that in order to define decorator factories with classes you need to define) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.122126 Tw (the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (__call__ ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (method explicitly \(no magic anymore\). All these changes should not cause any trouble,) Tj T* 0 Tw .601163 Tw (since they were all rarely used features. Should you have any trouble, you can always downgrade to the) Tj T* 0 Tw (2.3 version.) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 119.6236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 316.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 50 Tm .196098 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The examples shown here have been tested with Python 2.6. Python 2.4 is also supported - of course the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.649398 Tw (examples requiring the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (with ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (statement will not work there. Python 2.5 works fine, but if you run the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.41784 Tw (examples in the interactive interpreter you will notice a few differences since ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (getargspec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (returns an) Tj T* 0 Tw .909982 Tw /F4 10 Tf (ArgSpec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (namedtuple instead of a regular tuple. That means that running the file ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (documentation.py) Tj T* 0 Tw /F1 10 Tf (under Python 2.5 will print a few errors, but they are not serious.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 52.82 Tm .196098 Tw 12 TL /F1 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg (The examples shown here have been tested with Python 2.6. Python 2.4 is also supported - of course the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.649398 Tw (examples requiring the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (with ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (statement will not work there. Python 2.5 works fine, but if you run the) Tj T* 0 Tw 1.41784 Tw (examples in the interactive interpreter you will notice a few differences since ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (getargspec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (returns an) Tj T* 0 Tw .909982 Tw /F4 10 Tf (ArgSpec ) Tj /F1 10 Tf (namedtuple instead of a regular tuple. That means that running the file ) Tj /F4 10 Tf (documentation.py) Tj T* 0 Tw /F1 10 Tf (under Python 2.5 will print a few errors, but they are not serious.) Tj T* ET Q Q - -endstream -endobj -% 'R93': class PDFStream -93 0 obj -% page stream -<< /Length 2299 >> -stream -1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 744.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 283.8236 cm q -BT 1 0 0 1 0 3.5 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (LICENCE) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 8.435 Tm 21 TL /F2 17.5 Tf 0 0 0 rg (LICENCE) Tj T* ET Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 714.0236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 253.8236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 1.328555 Tw (Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided) Tj T* 0 Tw (that the following conditions are met:) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL 1.328555 Tw (Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided) Tj T* 0 Tw (that the following conditions are met:) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +q +1 0 0 1 62.69291 88.62362 cm +q +q +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm +q +1 0 0 1 6.6 6.6 cm +q +.662745 .662745 .662745 RG +.5 w +.960784 .960784 .862745 rg +n -6 -6 468.6898 156 re B* +Q +q +0 0 0 rg +BT 1 0 0 1 0 137.71 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL (Copyright \(c\) 2005, Michele Simionato) Tj T* (All rights reserved.) Tj T* T* (Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright) Tj T* (notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.) Tj T* (Redistributions in bytecode form must reproduce the above copyright) Tj T* (notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in) Tj T* (the documentation and/or other materials provided with the) Tj T* (distribution.) Tj T* T* (THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS) Tj T* ("AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT) Tj T* ET +Q +Q +Q Q Q + +endstream + +endobj +% 'R100': class PDFStream +100 0 obj +% page stream +<< /Length 1315 >> +stream +1 0 0 1 0 0 cm BT /F1 12 Tf 14.4 TL ET q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 428.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 631.8236 cm q q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm @@ -3468,144 +3719,153 @@ q .662745 .662745 .662745 RG .5 w .960784 .960784 .862745 rg -n -6 -6 468.6898 276 re B* +n -6 -6 468.6898 132 re B* Q q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 254 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL (Copyright \(c\) 2005, Michele Simionato) Tj T* (All rights reserved.) Tj T* T* (Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright) Tj T* (notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.) Tj T* (Redistributions in bytecode form must reproduce the above copyright) Tj T* (notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in) Tj T* (the documentation and/or other materials provided with the) Tj T* (distribution.) Tj T* T* (THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS) Tj T* ("AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT) Tj T* (LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR) Tj T* (A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT) Tj T* (HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,) Tj T* (INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES \(INCLUDING,) Tj T* (BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS) Tj T* (OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION\) HOWEVER CAUSED AND) Tj T* (ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR) Tj T* (TORT \(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE\) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE) Tj T* (USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH) Tj T* (DAMAGE.) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 113.71 Tm /F4 10 Tf 12 TL (LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR) Tj T* (A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT) Tj T* (HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,) Tj T* (INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES \(INCLUDING,) Tj T* (BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS) Tj T* (OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION\) HOWEVER CAUSED AND) Tj T* (ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR) Tj T* (TORT \(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE\) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE) Tj T* (USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH) Tj T* (DAMAGE.) Tj T* ET Q Q Q Q Q q -1 0 0 1 62.69291 396.8236 cm +1 0 0 1 62.69291 599.8236 cm q 0 0 0 rg -BT 1 0 0 1 0 14 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .407132 Tw (If you use this software and you are happy with it, consider sending me a note, just to gratify my ego. On) Tj T* 0 Tw (the other hand, if you use this software and you are unhappy with it, send me a patch!) Tj T* ET +BT 1 0 0 1 0 16.82 Tm /F1 10 Tf 12 TL .407132 Tw (If you use this software and you are happy with it, consider sending me a note, just to gratify my ego. On) Tj T* 0 Tw (the other hand, if you use this software and you are unhappy with it, send me a patch!) 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