Python Paste
============

This is a WSGI_ version of WebKit.  In addition to supporting WSGI, it
also is a simplification and refactoring of Webware.

.. _WSGI: http://www.python.org/peps/pep-0333.html

License
-------

Paste is distributed under the `Python Software Foundation`__
license.  This is a BSD/MIT-style license.

.. __: http://www.python.org/psf/license.html

Quick Start
-----------

First, grab WSGIUtils, at http://www.owlfish.com/software/wsgiutils/,
or download it directly from
http://www.owlfish.com/software/wsgiutils/downloads/WSGI%20Utils-0.5.tar.gz

You can use other servers with Paste, but WSGIUtils is pretty easy
and built on SimpleHTTPServer.  Run ``python setup.py install`` to
install it.

Right now it's best NOT to install Paste with ``setup.py``, but just
to run it out of the checkout.  An easy way to do that::

    ./scripts/app-setup create webkit_zpt /path/to/put/files
    cd /path/to/put/files
    /path/to/paste/scripts/server -v

And it will be running a server on http://localhost:8080/

Compatibility
-------------

This system is intended to be largely compatible with current Webware
applications.  This is only an intention; use with real-world
applications will help us refine this compatibility.

Some parts that aren't being brought over:

* Configuration.  Right now configuration is a little inconsistent.

* Contexts.  These were half-formed in Webware, and didn't really
  provide much benefit.  There are much more general and useful ways
  to deal with URLs.

* URL introspection.  I tried to get some of it, but there's way too
  many ways of refactoring the URL in Webware, and I didn't deal with
  all of them.  The environment (``request.environ()``) may look
  different than in Webware -- it matches the WSGI expectations.  It's
  certainly possible -- and hopefully clearer -- to do introspection
  in Paste, but it might not be backward compatible (but still file
  bugs if you find problems).

Discussion
----------

Discussion should take place on the Webware mailing list,
webware-discuss@lists.sf.net and webware-devel@list.sf.net

Configuration
-------------

Configuration is done with normal Python files.  Global variables
become configuration values.  So a configuration file might look
like::

    host = 'localhost'
    port = 8080
    publish_dir = '/path/to/dir'
    database_name = 'app_data'

And so on.  There's a default configuration file in
``paste/default_config.conf`` which will also serve as
documentation.  Your configuration overrides those values.  The
extension is arbitrary at this point.

Some important configuration values:

``config_file``:
    Load the given configuration file.

``server``: 
    The (string) name of the server you want to use.  Right now there
    is ``"wsgiutils"`` and ``"twisted"``.

``publish_dir``:
    The base directory to find Webware servlets.  (In the future other
    frameworks will also be supported.)

``debug``:
    If true, then errors will be displayed in the browser.

``reload``:
    If true, then we'll monitor for any changed modules and restart
    the server if those are found.

``verbose``:
    If true, talk a lot.

Use
---

These are some manual ways to set up a WSGI server, but
``scripts/server`` is the easiest.  

This script takes takes options that turn into configuration
parameters.  If there's a ``port`` configuration value you can also
use the ``--port=X`` command-line option.  ``-`` is also replaced with
``_``.

Another option is ``-f config_file.conf`` which loads the given
configuration file.  This might be the only option you need, if you
put all the other settings in the configuration file.

Note that ``--verbose``, ``--reload`` and ``--debug`` do not require
an argument.

Multiple Applications / Manual Setup
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Right now integration of multiple applications into a single server is
kind of an unsolved problem, but manual application setup would be the
way to go about it...

CGI
~~~

The ``cgiserver`` script is included.  It's not particularly good,
but it's there for you.  To use it, you'll set up your own CGI script,
like::

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # maybe import sys and modify sys.path
    from paste import cgiserver
    from paste.webkit import wsgiwebkit
    app = wsgiwebkit.webkit('/path/to/app')
    cgiserver.run_with_cgi(app)

Twisted
~~~~~~~

This package includes ``twisted_wsgi``, which is a WSGI adapter
written by Peter Hunt.  The canonical location for this file is:
http://st0rm.hopto.org:8080/wsgi/ (note -- Twisted 2.0 will include
native WSGI support; there's been reports of bugs in the version we
are currently shipping).

This is closer to the normal Webware environment than CGI.  To set up
this server use::

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # maybe import sys and modify sys.path
    from paste import twisted_wsgi
    from paste.webkit import wsgiwebkit
    app = wsgiwebkit.webkit('/path/to/app')
    twisted_wsgi.serve_application(app, 8080)

Note, the twisted server is dependent on wsgiref which can be found at
http://cvs.eby-sarna.com/wsgiref


Multi-threaded
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

WSGIUtils_ includes a SimpleHTTPServer_-based multi-threaded server.
This is an architecture very similar to Webware's AppServer.  Twisted
may be the better approach, but who knows?

.. _WSGIUtils: http://www.owlfish.com/software/wsgiutils/
.. _SimpleHTTPServer: http://python.org/doc/current/lib/module-SimpleHTTPServer.html

To set up this server use::

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    from wsgiutils import wsgiServer
    from paste.webkit import wsgiwebkit
    app_root='/path/to/app'
    app = wsgiwebkit.webkit(app_root)
    server = wsgiServer.WSGIServer(('127.0.0.1', 8080), {'/': app})
    server.serve_forever()

Interactive
~~~~~~~~~~~

This allows you to test an application without running any web server.
While you can use this several ways (e.g., for acceptance tests), this
is a simple way::

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    # maybe import sys and modify sys.path
    from paste import wsgilib
    from paste.webkit import wsgiwebkit
    app = wsgiwebkit.webkit('/path/to/app')
    def run(url):
        print wsgilib.interactive(application, url)
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        import sys
        url = sys.argv[1]
        run(url)

Then you run this script with the URL you want to access; the headers
and page will be printed out.  This can also be used at the
interactive prompt, e.g., ``python -i interactiveapp.py``, and you can
use pdb_ or other debugging tools with this.

.. _pdb: http://python.org/doc/current/lib/module-pdb.html

Comparison of architectures
---------------------------

WSGI WebKit's implementation of ``Page`` (and ``HTTPServlet``)
implements a ``__call__`` method, which is all that is required to
make a servlet into a WSGI application.  The __call__ method creates
the transaction (``wktransaction.Transaction``), which in turn creates
the request (``wkrequest.HTTPRequest``) and response
(``wkresponse.HTTPResponse``).  Then there's a bit of back-and-forth 

There are also session and application objects, which are largely
dummy objects that provide some of the interface that was previously
implemented by those objects.  In WSGI WebKit these features
(forwarding and sessions) are implemented in middleware.

This is in contrast to normal Webware, where the ``AppServer`` starts
the connection, hands it off to ``Application``, which creates
``Transaction``, ``HTTPRequest``, and ``HTTPResponse``, then finds the
servlet and runs it with those objects.