Co-authored-by: Matti Picus <matti.picus@gmail.com>

At the moment, we are guessing whether we have the MSVC compiler, by
looking at what Python was originally compiled for.  That works only if
we are using the same compiler, but this is not the case when we compile
with e.g. mingw-w64 using Python.org Python.

Unfortunately, at the time we are specifying build flags, we don't know
what compiler we are using.

Allow build flags to clib to be callables that return lists of strings,
instead of strings, where the callables can do work like inspecting the
compiler, at build time.

Use this to check for MSVC at build time, when specifying the
`/GL-` flag.

See gh-9977 for a related discussion about these flags.

Use log1p(-x) instead of log(1 - x)
Seperate legacy version from current

closes #17020

xref gh-14778

As pointed out in the comment by @jamesthomasgriffin, we did not include a pxd file to expose the distribution functions documented in the random c-api. This PR adds a c_distributions.pxd file that exposes them.

Squashed commits:

* BUG: add missing c_distributions.pxd to enable cython use of random C-API

* ENH, TST: add npyrandom library like npymath, test cython use of it

* BUG: actually prefix f-string with f

* MAINT: fixes from review, add _bit_generato_bit_generator.pxd

* STY: fixes from review

* BLD: don't use nprandom library for mtrand legacy build

* TST: WindowsPath cannot be used in subprocess's list2cmdline

* MAINT, API: move _bit_generator to bit_generator

* DOC: add release note about moving bit_generator

* DOC, MAINT: fixes from review

* MAINT: redo dtype determination from review

As numpy is Python 3 only, these import statements are now unnecessary
and don't alter runtime behavior.

TST. API: test using distributions.h via cffi