From f1fa1787ceaac72b9934f318ea2135d28c05dd55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lorry Tar Creator Date: Mon, 5 May 2014 17:38:46 +0000 Subject: Imported from /home/lorry/working-area/delta_python-packages_enum34/enum34-1.0.tar.gz. --- PKG-INFO | 746 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ enum/LICENSE | 32 ++ enum/README | 2 + enum/__init__.py | 767 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ enum/doc/enum.rst | 725 +++++++++++++++++++++++ enum/enum.py | 0 enum/test_enum.py | 1641 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ setup.py | 44 ++ 8 files changed, 3957 insertions(+) create mode 100644 PKG-INFO create mode 100644 enum/LICENSE create mode 100644 enum/README create mode 100644 enum/__init__.py create mode 100644 enum/doc/enum.rst create mode 100644 enum/enum.py create mode 100644 enum/test_enum.py create mode 100644 setup.py diff --git a/PKG-INFO b/PKG-INFO new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae2661c --- /dev/null +++ b/PKG-INFO @@ -0,0 +1,746 @@ +Metadata-Version: 1.1 +Name: enum34 +Version: 1.0 +Summary: Python 3.4 Enum backported to 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, and 2.4 +Home-page: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/enum34 +Author: Ethan Furman +Author-email: ethan@stoneleaf.us +License: BSD License +Description: ``enum`` --- support for enumerations + ======================================== + + .. :synopsis: enumerations are sets of symbolic names bound to unique, constant + values. + .. :moduleauthor:: Ethan Furman + .. :sectionauthor:: Barry Warsaw , + .. :sectionauthor:: Eli Bendersky , + .. :sectionauthor:: Ethan Furman + + ---------------- + + An enumeration is a set of symbolic names (members) bound to unique, constant + values. Within an enumeration, the members can be compared by identity, and + the enumeration itself can be iterated over. + + + Module Contents + --------------- + + This module defines two enumeration classes that can be used to define unique + sets of names and values: ``Enum`` and ``IntEnum``. It also defines + one decorator, ``unique``. + + ``Enum`` + + Base class for creating enumerated constants. See section `Functional API`_ + for an alternate construction syntax. + + ``IntEnum`` + + Base class for creating enumerated constants that are also subclasses of ``int``. + + ``unique`` + + Enum class decorator that ensures only one name is bound to any one value. + + + Creating an Enum + ---------------- + + Enumerations are created using the ``class`` syntax, which makes them + easy to read and write. An alternative creation method is described in + `Functional API`_. To define an enumeration, subclass ``Enum`` as + follows:: + + >>> from enum import Enum + >>> class Color(Enum): + ... red = 1 + ... green = 2 + ... blue = 3 + + Note: Nomenclature + + - The class ``Color`` is an *enumeration* (or *enum*) + - The attributes ``Color.red``, ``Color.green``, etc., are + *enumeration members* (or *enum members*). + - The enum members have *names* and *values* (the name of + ``Color.red`` is ``red``, the value of ``Color.blue`` is + ``3``, etc.) + + Note: + + Even though we use the ``class`` syntax to create Enums, Enums + are not normal Python classes. See `How are Enums different?`_ for + more details. + + Enumeration members have human readable string representations:: + + >>> print(Color.red) + Color.red + + ...while their ``repr`` has more information:: + + >>> print(repr(Color.red)) + + + The *type* of an enumeration member is the enumeration it belongs to:: + + >>> type(Color.red) + + >>> isinstance(Color.green, Color) + True + >>> + + Enum members also have a property that contains just their item name:: + + >>> print(Color.red.name) + red + + Enumerations support iteration. In Python 3.x definition order is used; in + Python 2.x the definition order is not available, but class attribute + ``__order__`` is supported; otherwise, value order is used:: + + >>> class Shake(Enum): + ... __order__ = 'vanilla chocolate cookies mint' # only needed in 2.x + ... vanilla = 7 + ... chocolate = 4 + ... cookies = 9 + ... mint = 3 + ... + >>> for shake in Shake: + ... print(shake) + ... + Shake.vanilla + Shake.chocolate + Shake.cookies + Shake.mint + + The ``__order__`` attribute is always removed, and in 3.x it is also ignored + (order is definition order); however, in the stdlib version it will be ignored + but not removed. + + Enumeration members are hashable, so they can be used in dictionaries and sets:: + + >>> apples = {} + >>> apples[Color.red] = 'red delicious' + >>> apples[Color.green] = 'granny smith' + >>> apples == {Color.red: 'red delicious', Color.green: 'granny smith'} + True + + + Programmatic access to enumeration members and their attributes + --------------------------------------------------------------- + + Sometimes it's useful to access members in enumerations programmatically (i.e. + situations where ``Color.red`` won't do because the exact color is not known + at program-writing time). ``Enum`` allows such access:: + + >>> Color(1) + + >>> Color(3) + + + If you want to access enum members by *name*, use item access:: + + >>> Color['red'] + + >>> Color['green'] + + + If have an enum member and need its ``name`` or ``value``:: + + >>> member = Color.red + >>> member.name + 'red' + >>> member.value + 1 + + + Duplicating enum members and values + ----------------------------------- + + Having two enum members (or any other attribute) with the same name is invalid; + in Python 3.x this would raise an error, but in Python 2.x the second member + simply overwrites the first:: + + >>> # python 2.x + >>> class Shape(Enum): + ... square = 2 + ... square = 3 + ... + >>> Shape.square + + + >>> # python 3.x + >>> class Shape(Enum): + ... square = 2 + ... square = 3 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + TypeError: Attempted to reuse key: 'square' + + However, two enum members are allowed to have the same value. Given two members + A and B with the same value (and A defined first), B is an alias to A. By-value + lookup of the value of A and B will return A. By-name lookup of B will also + return A:: + + >>> class Shape(Enum): + ... __order__ = 'square diamond circle alias_for_square' # only needed in 2.x + ... square = 2 + ... diamond = 1 + ... circle = 3 + ... alias_for_square = 2 + ... + >>> Shape.square + + >>> Shape.alias_for_square + + >>> Shape(2) + + + + Allowing aliases is not always desirable. ``unique`` can be used to ensure + that none exist in a particular enumeration:: + + >>> from enum import unique + >>> @unique + ... class Mistake(Enum): + ... __order__ = 'one two three four' # only needed in 2.x + ... one = 1 + ... two = 2 + ... three = 3 + ... four = 3 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + ValueError: duplicate names found in : four -> three + + Iterating over the members of an enum does not provide the aliases:: + + >>> list(Shape) + [, , ] + + The special attribute ``__members__`` is a dictionary mapping names to members. + It includes all names defined in the enumeration, including the aliases:: + + >>> for name, member in sorted(Shape.__members__.items()): + ... name, member + ... + ('alias_for_square', ) + ('circle', ) + ('diamond', ) + ('square', ) + + The ``__members__`` attribute can be used for detailed programmatic access to + the enumeration members. For example, finding all the aliases:: + + >>> [name for name, member in Shape.__members__.items() if member.name != name] + ['alias_for_square'] + + Comparisons + ----------- + + Enumeration members are compared by identity:: + + >>> Color.red is Color.red + True + >>> Color.red is Color.blue + False + >>> Color.red is not Color.blue + True + + Ordered comparisons between enumeration values are *not* supported. Enum + members are not integers (but see `IntEnum`_ below):: + + >>> Color.red < Color.blue + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + TypeError: unorderable types: Color() < Color() + + .. warning:: + + In Python 2 *everything* is ordered, even though the ordering may not + make sense. If you want your enumerations to have a sensible ordering + check out the `OrderedEnum`_ recipe below. + + + Equality comparisons are defined though:: + + >>> Color.blue == Color.red + False + >>> Color.blue != Color.red + True + >>> Color.blue == Color.blue + True + + Comparisons against non-enumeration values will always compare not equal + (again, ``IntEnum`` was explicitly designed to behave differently, see + below):: + + >>> Color.blue == 2 + False + + + Allowed members and attributes of enumerations + ---------------------------------------------- + + The examples above use integers for enumeration values. Using integers is + short and handy (and provided by default by the `Functional API`_), but not + strictly enforced. In the vast majority of use-cases, one doesn't care what + the actual value of an enumeration is. But if the value *is* important, + enumerations can have arbitrary values. + + Enumerations are Python classes, and can have methods and special methods as + usual. If we have this enumeration:: + + >>> class Mood(Enum): + ... funky = 1 + ... happy = 3 + ... + ... def describe(self): + ... # self is the member here + ... return self.name, self.value + ... + ... def __str__(self): + ... return 'my custom str! {0}'.format(self.value) + ... + ... @classmethod + ... def favorite_mood(cls): + ... # cls here is the enumeration + ... return cls.happy + + Then:: + + >>> Mood.favorite_mood() + + >>> Mood.happy.describe() + ('happy', 3) + >>> str(Mood.funky) + 'my custom str! 1' + + The rules for what is allowed are as follows: _sunder_ names (starting and + ending with a single underscore) are reserved by enum and cannot be used; + all other attributes defined within an enumeration will become members of this + enumeration, with the exception of *__dunder__* names and descriptors (methods + are also descriptors). + + Note: + + If your enumeration defines ``__new__`` and/or ``__init__`` then + whatever value(s) were given to the enum member will be passed into + those methods. See `Planet`_ for an example. + + + Restricted subclassing of enumerations + -------------------------------------- + + Subclassing an enumeration is allowed only if the enumeration does not define + any members. So this is forbidden:: + + >>> class MoreColor(Color): + ... pink = 17 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + TypeError: Cannot extend enumerations + + But this is allowed:: + + >>> class Foo(Enum): + ... def some_behavior(self): + ... pass + ... + >>> class Bar(Foo): + ... happy = 1 + ... sad = 2 + ... + + Allowing subclassing of enums that define members would lead to a violation of + some important invariants of types and instances. On the other hand, it makes + sense to allow sharing some common behavior between a group of enumerations. + (See `OrderedEnum`_ for an example.) + + + Pickling + -------- + + Enumerations can be pickled and unpickled:: + + >>> from enum.test_enum import Fruit + >>> from pickle import dumps, loads + >>> Fruit.tomato is loads(dumps(Fruit.tomato, 2)) + True + + The usual restrictions for pickling apply: picklable enums must be defined in + the top level of a module, since unpickling requires them to be importable + from that module. + + Note: + + With pickle protocol version 4 (introduced in Python 3.4) it is possible + to easily pickle enums nested in other classes. + + + + Functional API + -------------- + + The ``Enum`` class is callable, providing the following functional API:: + + >>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ant bee cat dog') + >>> Animal + + >>> Animal.ant + + >>> Animal.ant.value + 1 + >>> list(Animal) + [, , , ] + + The semantics of this API resemble ``namedtuple``. The first argument + of the call to ``Enum`` is the name of the enumeration. + + The second argument is the *source* of enumeration member names. It can be a + whitespace-separated string of names, a sequence of names, a sequence of + 2-tuples with key/value pairs, or a mapping (e.g. dictionary) of names to + values. The last two options enable assigning arbitrary values to + enumerations; the others auto-assign increasing integers starting with 1. A + new class derived from ``Enum`` is returned. In other words, the above + assignment to ``Animal`` is equivalent to:: + + >>> class Animals(Enum): + ... ant = 1 + ... bee = 2 + ... cat = 3 + ... dog = 4 + + Pickling enums created with the functional API can be tricky as frame stack + implementation details are used to try and figure out which module the + enumeration is being created in (e.g. it will fail if you use a utility + function in separate module, and also may not work on IronPython or Jython). + The solution is to specify the module name explicitly as follows:: + + >>> Animals = Enum('Animals', 'ant bee cat dog', module=__name__) + + Derived Enumerations + -------------------- + + IntEnum + ^^^^^^^ + + A variation of ``Enum`` is provided which is also a subclass of + ``int``. Members of an ``IntEnum`` can be compared to integers; + by extension, integer enumerations of different types can also be compared + to each other:: + + >>> from enum import IntEnum + >>> class Shape(IntEnum): + ... circle = 1 + ... square = 2 + ... + >>> class Request(IntEnum): + ... post = 1 + ... get = 2 + ... + >>> Shape == 1 + False + >>> Shape.circle == 1 + True + >>> Shape.circle == Request.post + True + + However, they still can't be compared to standard ``Enum`` enumerations:: + + >>> class Shape(IntEnum): + ... circle = 1 + ... square = 2 + ... + >>> class Color(Enum): + ... red = 1 + ... green = 2 + ... + >>> Shape.circle == Color.red + False + + ``IntEnum`` values behave like integers in other ways you'd expect:: + + >>> int(Shape.circle) + 1 + >>> ['a', 'b', 'c'][Shape.circle] + 'b' + >>> [i for i in range(Shape.square)] + [0, 1] + + For the vast majority of code, ``Enum`` is strongly recommended, + since ``IntEnum`` breaks some semantic promises of an enumeration (by + being comparable to integers, and thus by transitivity to other + unrelated enumerations). It should be used only in special cases where + there's no other choice; for example, when integer constants are + replaced with enumerations and backwards compatibility is required with code + that still expects integers. + + + Others + ^^^^^^ + + While ``IntEnum`` is part of the ``enum`` module, it would be very + simple to implement independently:: + + class IntEnum(int, Enum): + pass + + This demonstrates how similar derived enumerations can be defined; for example + a ``StrEnum`` that mixes in ``str`` instead of ``int``. + + Some rules: + + 1. When subclassing ``Enum``, mix-in types must appear before + ``Enum`` itself in the sequence of bases, as in the ``IntEnum`` + example above. + 2. While ``Enum`` can have members of any type, once you mix in an + additional type, all the members must have values of that type, e.g. + ``int`` above. This restriction does not apply to mix-ins which only + add methods and don't specify another data type such as ``int`` or + ``str``. + 3. When another data type is mixed in, the ``value`` attribute is *not the + same* as the enum member itself, although it is equivalant and will compare + equal. + 4. %-style formatting: ``%s`` and ``%r`` call ``Enum``'s ``__str__`` and + ``__repr__`` respectively; other codes (such as ``%i`` or ``%h`` for + IntEnum) treat the enum member as its mixed-in type. + + Note: Prior to Python 3.4 there is a bug in ``str``'s %-formatting: ``int`` + subclasses are printed as strings and not numbers when the ``%d``, ``%i``, + or ``%u`` codes are used. + 5. ``str.__format__`` (or ``format``) will use the mixed-in + type's ``__format__``. If the ``Enum``'s ``str`` or + ``repr`` is desired use the ``!s`` or ``!r`` ``str`` format codes. + + + Decorators + ---------- + + unique + ^^^^^^ + + A ``class`` decorator specifically for enumerations. It searches an + enumeration's ``__members__`` gathering any aliases it finds; if any are + found ``ValueError`` is raised with the details:: + + >>> @unique + ... class NoDupes(Enum): + ... first = 'one' + ... second = 'two' + ... third = 'two' + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + ValueError: duplicate names found in : third -> second + + + Interesting examples + -------------------- + + While ``Enum`` and ``IntEnum`` are expected to cover the majority of + use-cases, they cannot cover them all. Here are recipes for some different + types of enumerations that can be used directly, or as examples for creating + one's own. + + + AutoNumber + ^^^^^^^^^^ + + Avoids having to specify the value for each enumeration member:: + + >>> class AutoNumber(Enum): + ... def __new__(cls): + ... value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 + ... obj = object.__new__(cls) + ... obj._value_ = value + ... return obj + ... + >>> class Color(AutoNumber): + ... __order__ = "red green blue" # only needed in 2.x + ... red = () + ... green = () + ... blue = () + ... + >>> Color.green.value == 2 + True + + Note: + + The `__new__` method, if defined, is used during creation of the Enum + members; it is then replaced by Enum's `__new__` which is used after + class creation for lookup of existing members. Due to the way Enums are + supposed to behave, there is no way to customize Enum's `__new__`. + + + UniqueEnum + ^^^^^^^^^^ + + Raises an error if a duplicate member name is found instead of creating an + alias:: + + >>> class UniqueEnum(Enum): + ... def __init__(self, *args): + ... cls = self.__class__ + ... if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls): + ... a = self.name + ... e = cls(self.value).name + ... raise ValueError( + ... "aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum: %r --> %r" + ... % (a, e)) + ... + >>> class Color(UniqueEnum): + ... red = 1 + ... green = 2 + ... blue = 3 + ... grene = 2 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + ValueError: aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum: 'grene' --> 'green' + + + OrderedEnum + ^^^^^^^^^^^ + + An ordered enumeration that is not based on ``IntEnum`` and so maintains + the normal ``Enum`` invariants (such as not being comparable to other + enumerations):: + + >>> class OrderedEnum(Enum): + ... def __ge__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ >= other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... def __gt__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ > other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... def __le__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ <= other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... def __lt__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ < other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... + >>> class Grade(OrderedEnum): + ... __ordered__ = 'A B C D F' + ... A = 5 + ... B = 4 + ... C = 3 + ... D = 2 + ... F = 1 + ... + >>> Grade.C < Grade.A + True + + + Planet + ^^^^^^ + + If ``__new__`` or ``__init__`` is defined the value of the enum member + will be passed to those methods:: + + >>> class Planet(Enum): + ... MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6) + ... VENUS = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6) + ... EARTH = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6) + ... MARS = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6) + ... JUPITER = (1.9e+27, 7.1492e7) + ... SATURN = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7) + ... URANUS = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7) + ... NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7) + ... def __init__(self, mass, radius): + ... self.mass = mass # in kilograms + ... self.radius = radius # in meters + ... @property + ... def surface_gravity(self): + ... # universal gravitational constant (m3 kg-1 s-2) + ... G = 6.67300E-11 + ... return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius) + ... + >>> Planet.EARTH.value + (5.976e+24, 6378140.0) + >>> Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity + 9.802652743337129 + + + How are Enums different? + ------------------------ + + Enums have a custom metaclass that affects many aspects of both derived Enum + classes and their instances (members). + + + Enum Classes + ^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + The ``EnumMeta`` metaclass is responsible for providing the + ``__contains__``, ``__dir__``, ``__iter__`` and other methods that + allow one to do things with an ``Enum`` class that fail on a typical + class, such as ``list(Color)`` or ``some_var in Color``. ``EnumMeta`` is + responsible for ensuring that various other methods on the final ``Enum`` + class are correct (such as ``__new__``, ``__getnewargs__``, + ``__str__`` and ``__repr__``) + + + Enum Members (aka instances) + ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + The most interesting thing about Enum members is that they are singletons. + ``EnumMeta`` creates them all while it is creating the ``Enum`` + class itself, and then puts a custom ``__new__`` in place to ensure + that no new ones are ever instantiated by returning only the existing + member instances. + + + Finer Points + ^^^^^^^^^^^^ + + Enum members are instances of an Enum class, and even though they are + accessible as ``EnumClass.member``, they are not accessible directly from + the member:: + + >>> Color.red + + >>> Color.red.blue + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + AttributeError: 'Color' object has no attribute 'blue' + + Likewise, ``__members__`` is only available on the class. + + In Python 3.x ``__members__`` is always an ``OrderedDict``, with the order being + the definition order. In Python 2.7 ``__members__`` is an ``OrderedDict`` if + ``__order__`` was specified, and a plain ``dict`` otherwise. In all other Python + 2.x versions ``__members__`` is a plain ``dict`` even if ``__order__`` was specified + as the ``OrderedDict`` type didn't exist yet. + + If you give your ``Enum`` subclass extra methods, like the `Planet`_ + class above, those methods will show up in a `dir` of the member, + but not of the class:: + + >>> dir(Planet) + ['EARTH', 'JUPITER', 'MARS', 'MERCURY', 'NEPTUNE', 'SATURN', 'URANUS', + 'VENUS', '__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__'] + >>> dir(Planet.EARTH) + ['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'surface_gravity', 'value'] + + A ``__new__`` method will only be used for the creation of the + ``Enum`` members -- after that it is replaced. This means if you wish to + change how ``Enum`` members are looked up you either have to write a + helper function or a ``classmethod``. + +Platform: UNKNOWN +Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable +Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers +Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License +Classifier: Programming Language :: Python +Classifier: Topic :: Software Development +Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.4 +Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5 +Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6 +Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7 +Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 +Provides: enum diff --git a/enum/LICENSE b/enum/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9003b88 --- /dev/null +++ b/enum/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +Copyright (c) 2013, Ethan Furman. +All rights reserved. + +Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without +modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions +are met: + + Redistributions of source code must retain the above + copyright notice, this list of conditions and the + following disclaimer. + + Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above + copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following + disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials + provided with the distribution. + + Neither the name Ethan Furman nor the names of any + contributors may be used to endorse or promote products + derived from this software without specific prior written + permission. + +THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" +AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE +IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE +ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE +LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR +CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF +SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS +INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN +CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) +ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE +POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. diff --git a/enum/README b/enum/README new file mode 100644 index 0000000..511af98 --- /dev/null +++ b/enum/README @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +enum34 is the new Python stdlib enum module available in Python 3.4 +backported for previous versions of Python from 2.4 to 3.3. diff --git a/enum/__init__.py b/enum/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e4081f --- /dev/null +++ b/enum/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,767 @@ +"""Python Enumerations""" + +import sys as _sys + +__all__ = ['Enum', 'IntEnum', 'unique'] + +pyver = float('%s.%s' % _sys.version_info[:2]) + +try: + any +except NameError: + def any(iterable): + for element in iterable: + if element: + return True + return False + +try: + from collections import OrderedDict +except ImportError: + OrderedDict = None + +try: + basestring +except NameError: + # In Python 2 basestring is the ancestor of both str and unicode + # in Python 3 it's just str, but was missing in 3.1 + basestring = str + +class _RouteClassAttributeToGetattr(object): + """Route attribute access on a class to __getattr__. + + This is a descriptor, used to define attributes that act differently when + accessed through an instance and through a class. Instance access remains + normal, but access to an attribute through a class will be routed to the + class's __getattr__ method; this is done by raising AttributeError. + + """ + def __init__(self, fget=None): + self.fget = fget + + def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass=None): + if instance is None: + raise AttributeError() + return self.fget(instance) + + def __set__(self, instance, value): + raise AttributeError("can't set attribute") + + def __delete__(self, instance): + raise AttributeError("can't delete attribute") + + +def _is_descriptor(obj): + """Returns True if obj is a descriptor, False otherwise.""" + return ( + hasattr(obj, '__get__') or + hasattr(obj, '__set__') or + hasattr(obj, '__delete__')) + + +def _is_dunder(name): + """Returns True if a __dunder__ name, False otherwise.""" + return (name[:2] == name[-2:] == '__' and + name[2:3] != '_' and + name[-3:-2] != '_' and + len(name) > 4) + + +def _is_sunder(name): + """Returns True if a _sunder_ name, False otherwise.""" + return (name[0] == name[-1] == '_' and + name[1:2] != '_' and + name[-2:-1] != '_' and + len(name) > 2) + + +def _make_class_unpicklable(cls): + """Make the given class un-picklable.""" + def _break_on_call_reduce(self, protocol=None): + raise TypeError('%r cannot be pickled' % self) + cls.__reduce_ex__ = _break_on_call_reduce + cls.__module__ = '' + + +class _EnumDict(dict): + """Track enum member order and ensure member names are not reused. + + EnumMeta will use the names found in self._member_names as the + enumeration member names. + + """ + def __init__(self): + super(_EnumDict, self).__init__() + self._member_names = [] + + def __setitem__(self, key, value): + """Changes anything not dundered or not a descriptor. + + If a descriptor is added with the same name as an enum member, the name + is removed from _member_names (this may leave a hole in the numerical + sequence of values). + + If an enum member name is used twice, an error is raised; duplicate + values are not checked for. + + Single underscore (sunder) names are reserved. + + Note: in 3.x __order__ is simply discarded as a not necessary piece + leftover from 2.x + + """ + if pyver >= 3.0 and key == '__order__': + return + if _is_sunder(key): + raise ValueError('_names_ are reserved for future Enum use') + elif _is_dunder(key): + pass + elif key in self._member_names: + # descriptor overwriting an enum? + raise TypeError('Attempted to reuse key: %r' % key) + elif not _is_descriptor(value): + if key in self: + # enum overwriting a descriptor? + raise TypeError('Key already defined as: %r' % self[key]) + self._member_names.append(key) + super(_EnumDict, self).__setitem__(key, value) + + +# Dummy value for Enum as EnumMeta explicity checks for it, but of course until +# EnumMeta finishes running the first time the Enum class doesn't exist. This +# is also why there are checks in EnumMeta like `if Enum is not None` +Enum = None + + +class EnumMeta(type): + """Metaclass for Enum""" + @classmethod + def __prepare__(metacls, cls, bases): + return _EnumDict() + + def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict): + # an Enum class is final once enumeration items have been defined; it + # cannot be mixed with other types (int, float, etc.) if it has an + # inherited __new__ unless a new __new__ is defined (or the resulting + # class will fail). + if type(classdict) is dict: + original_dict = classdict + classdict = _EnumDict() + for k, v in original_dict.items(): + classdict[k] = v + + member_type, first_enum = metacls._get_mixins_(bases) + __new__, save_new, use_args = metacls._find_new_(classdict, member_type, + first_enum) + # save enum items into separate mapping so they don't get baked into + # the new class + members = dict((k, classdict[k]) for k in classdict._member_names) + for name in classdict._member_names: + del classdict[name] + + # py2 support for definition order + __order__ = classdict.get('__order__') + if __order__ is None: + if pyver < 3.0: + __order__ = [name for (name, value) in sorted(members.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])] + else: + __order__ = classdict._member_names + else: + del classdict['__order__'] + if pyver < 3.0: + __order__ = __order__.replace(',', ' ').split() + aliases = [name for name in members if name not in __order__] + __order__ += aliases + + # check for illegal enum names (any others?) + invalid_names = set(members) & set(['mro']) + if invalid_names: + raise ValueError('Invalid enum member name(s): %s' % ( + ', '.join(invalid_names), )) + + # create our new Enum type + enum_class = super(EnumMeta, metacls).__new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict) + enum_class._member_names_ = [] # names in random order + if OrderedDict is not None: + enum_class._member_map_ = OrderedDict() + else: + enum_class._member_map_ = {} # name->value map + enum_class._member_type_ = member_type + + # Reverse value->name map for hashable values. + enum_class._value2member_map_ = {} + + # instantiate them, checking for duplicates as we go + # we instantiate first instead of checking for duplicates first in case + # a custom __new__ is doing something funky with the values -- such as + # auto-numbering ;) + if __new__ is None: + __new__ = enum_class.__new__ + for member_name in __order__: + value = members[member_name] + if not isinstance(value, tuple): + args = (value, ) + else: + args = value + if member_type is tuple: # special case for tuple enums + args = (args, ) # wrap it one more time + if not use_args or not args: + enum_member = __new__(enum_class) + if not hasattr(enum_member, '_value_'): + enum_member._value_ = value + else: + enum_member = __new__(enum_class, *args) + if not hasattr(enum_member, '_value_'): + enum_member._value_ = member_type(*args) + value = enum_member._value_ + enum_member._name_ = member_name + enum_member.__objclass__ = enum_class + enum_member.__init__(*args) + # If another member with the same value was already defined, the + # new member becomes an alias to the existing one. + for name, canonical_member in enum_class._member_map_.items(): + if canonical_member.value == enum_member._value_: + enum_member = canonical_member + break + else: + # Aliases don't appear in member names (only in __members__). + enum_class._member_names_.append(member_name) + enum_class._member_map_[member_name] = enum_member + try: + # This may fail if value is not hashable. We can't add the value + # to the map, and by-value lookups for this value will be + # linear. + enum_class._value2member_map_[value] = enum_member + except TypeError: + pass + + + # If a custom type is mixed into the Enum, and it does not know how + # to pickle itself, pickle.dumps will succeed but pickle.loads will + # fail. Rather than have the error show up later and possibly far + # from the source, sabotage the pickle protocol for this class so + # that pickle.dumps also fails. + # + # However, if the new class implements its own __reduce_ex__, do not + # sabotage -- it's on them to make sure it works correctly. We use + # __reduce_ex__ instead of any of the others as it is preferred by + # pickle over __reduce__, and it handles all pickle protocols. + unpicklable = False + if '__reduce_ex__' not in classdict: + if member_type is not object: + methods = ('__getnewargs_ex__', '__getnewargs__', + '__reduce_ex__', '__reduce__') + if not any(m in member_type.__dict__ for m in methods): + _make_class_unpicklable(enum_class) + unpicklable = True + + + # double check that repr and friends are not the mixin's or various + # things break (such as pickle) + for name in ('__repr__', '__str__', '__format__', '__reduce_ex__'): + class_method = getattr(enum_class, name) + obj_method = getattr(member_type, name, None) + enum_method = getattr(first_enum, name, None) + if name not in classdict and class_method is not enum_method: + if name == '__reduce_ex__' and unpicklable: + continue + setattr(enum_class, name, enum_method) + + # method resolution and int's are not playing nice + # Python's less than 2.6 use __cmp__ + + if pyver < 2.6: + + if issubclass(enum_class, int): + setattr(enum_class, '__cmp__', getattr(int, '__cmp__')) + + elif pyver < 3.0: + + if issubclass(enum_class, int): + for method in ( + '__le__', + '__lt__', + '__gt__', + '__ge__', + '__eq__', + '__ne__', + '__hash__', + ): + setattr(enum_class, method, getattr(int, method)) + + # replace any other __new__ with our own (as long as Enum is not None, + # anyway) -- again, this is to support pickle + if Enum is not None: + # if the user defined their own __new__, save it before it gets + # clobbered in case they subclass later + if save_new: + setattr(enum_class, '__member_new__', enum_class.__dict__['__new__']) + setattr(enum_class, '__new__', Enum.__dict__['__new__']) + return enum_class + + def __call__(cls, value, names=None, module=None, type=None): + """Either returns an existing member, or creates a new enum class. + + This method is used both when an enum class is given a value to match + to an enumeration member (i.e. Color(3)) and for the functional API + (i.e. Color = Enum('Color', names='red green blue')). + + When used for the functional API: `module`, if set, will be stored in + the new class' __module__ attribute; `type`, if set, will be mixed in + as the first base class. + + Note: if `module` is not set this routine will attempt to discover the + calling module by walking the frame stack; if this is unsuccessful + the resulting class will not be pickleable. + + """ + if names is None: # simple value lookup + return cls.__new__(cls, value) + # otherwise, functional API: we're creating a new Enum type + return cls._create_(value, names, module=module, type=type) + + def __contains__(cls, member): + return isinstance(member, cls) and member.name in cls._member_map_ + + def __delattr__(cls, attr): + # nicer error message when someone tries to delete an attribute + # (see issue19025). + if attr in cls._member_map_: + raise AttributeError( + "%s: cannot delete Enum member." % cls.__name__) + super(EnumMeta, cls).__delattr__(attr) + + def __dir__(self): + return (['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__'] + + self._member_names_) + + @property + def __members__(cls): + """Returns a mapping of member name->value. + + This mapping lists all enum members, including aliases. Note that this + is a copy of the internal mapping. + + """ + return cls._member_map_.copy() + + def __getattr__(cls, name): + """Return the enum member matching `name` + + We use __getattr__ instead of descriptors or inserting into the enum + class' __dict__ in order to support `name` and `value` being both + properties for enum members (which live in the class' __dict__) and + enum members themselves. + + """ + if _is_dunder(name): + raise AttributeError(name) + try: + return cls._member_map_[name] + except KeyError: + raise AttributeError(name) + + def __getitem__(cls, name): + return cls._member_map_[name] + + def __iter__(cls): + return (cls._member_map_[name] for name in cls._member_names_) + + def __reversed__(cls): + return (cls._member_map_[name] for name in reversed(cls._member_names_)) + + def __len__(cls): + return len(cls._member_names_) + + def __repr__(cls): + return "" % cls.__name__ + + def __setattr__(cls, name, value): + """Block attempts to reassign Enum members. + + A simple assignment to the class namespace only changes one of the + several possible ways to get an Enum member from the Enum class, + resulting in an inconsistent Enumeration. + + """ + member_map = cls.__dict__.get('_member_map_', {}) + if name in member_map: + raise AttributeError('Cannot reassign members.') + super(EnumMeta, cls).__setattr__(name, value) + + def _create_(cls, class_name, names=None, module=None, type=None): + """Convenience method to create a new Enum class. + + `names` can be: + + * A string containing member names, separated either with spaces or + commas. Values are auto-numbered from 1. + * An iterable of member names. Values are auto-numbered from 1. + * An iterable of (member name, value) pairs. + * A mapping of member name -> value. + + """ + metacls = cls.__class__ + if type is None: + bases = (cls, ) + else: + bases = (type, cls) + classdict = metacls.__prepare__(class_name, bases) + __order__ = [] + + # special processing needed for names? + if isinstance(names, basestring): + names = names.replace(',', ' ').split() + if isinstance(names, (tuple, list)) and isinstance(names[0], basestring): + names = [(e, i+1) for (i, e) in enumerate(names)] + + # Here, names is either an iterable of (name, value) or a mapping. + for item in names: + if isinstance(item, basestring): + member_name, member_value = item, names[item] + else: + member_name, member_value = item + classdict[member_name] = member_value + __order__.append(member_name) + # only set __order__ in classdict if name/value was not from a mapping + if not isinstance(item, basestring): + classdict['__order__'] = ' '.join(__order__) + enum_class = metacls.__new__(metacls, class_name, bases, classdict) + + # TODO: replace the frame hack if a blessed way to know the calling + # module is ever developed + if module is None: + try: + module = _sys._getframe(2).f_globals['__name__'] + except (AttributeError, ValueError): + pass + if module is None: + _make_class_unpicklable(enum_class) + else: + enum_class.__module__ = module + + return enum_class + + @staticmethod + def _get_mixins_(bases): + """Returns the type for creating enum members, and the first inherited + enum class. + + bases: the tuple of bases that was given to __new__ + + """ + if not bases or Enum is None: + return object, Enum + + + # double check that we are not subclassing a class with existing + # enumeration members; while we're at it, see if any other data + # type has been mixed in so we can use the correct __new__ + member_type = first_enum = None + for base in bases: + if (base is not Enum and + issubclass(base, Enum) and + base._member_names_): + raise TypeError("Cannot extend enumerations") + # base is now the last base in bases + if not issubclass(base, Enum): + raise TypeError("new enumerations must be created as " + "`ClassName([mixin_type,] enum_type)`") + + # get correct mix-in type (either mix-in type of Enum subclass, or + # first base if last base is Enum) + if not issubclass(bases[0], Enum): + member_type = bases[0] # first data type + first_enum = bases[-1] # enum type + else: + for base in bases[0].__mro__: + # most common: (IntEnum, int, Enum, object) + # possible: (, , + # , , + # ) + if issubclass(base, Enum): + if first_enum is None: + first_enum = base + else: + if member_type is None: + member_type = base + + return member_type, first_enum + + if pyver < 3.0: + @staticmethod + def _find_new_(classdict, member_type, first_enum): + """Returns the __new__ to be used for creating the enum members. + + classdict: the class dictionary given to __new__ + member_type: the data type whose __new__ will be used by default + first_enum: enumeration to check for an overriding __new__ + + """ + # now find the correct __new__, checking to see of one was defined + # by the user; also check earlier enum classes in case a __new__ was + # saved as __member_new__ + __new__ = classdict.get('__new__', None) + if __new__: + return None, True, True # __new__, save_new, use_args + + N__new__ = getattr(None, '__new__') + O__new__ = getattr(object, '__new__') + if Enum is None: + E__new__ = N__new__ + else: + E__new__ = Enum.__dict__['__new__'] + # check all possibles for __member_new__ before falling back to + # __new__ + for method in ('__member_new__', '__new__'): + for possible in (member_type, first_enum): + try: + target = possible.__dict__[method] + except (AttributeError, KeyError): + target = getattr(possible, method, None) + if target not in [ + None, + N__new__, + O__new__, + E__new__, + ]: + if method == '__member_new__': + classdict['__new__'] = target + return None, False, True + if isinstance(target, staticmethod): + target = target.__get__(member_type) + __new__ = target + break + if __new__ is not None: + break + else: + __new__ = object.__new__ + + # if a non-object.__new__ is used then whatever value/tuple was + # assigned to the enum member name will be passed to __new__ and to the + # new enum member's __init__ + if __new__ is object.__new__: + use_args = False + else: + use_args = True + + return __new__, False, use_args + else: + @staticmethod + def _find_new_(classdict, member_type, first_enum): + """Returns the __new__ to be used for creating the enum members. + + classdict: the class dictionary given to __new__ + member_type: the data type whose __new__ will be used by default + first_enum: enumeration to check for an overriding __new__ + + """ + # now find the correct __new__, checking to see of one was defined + # by the user; also check earlier enum classes in case a __new__ was + # saved as __member_new__ + __new__ = classdict.get('__new__', None) + + # should __new__ be saved as __member_new__ later? + save_new = __new__ is not None + + if __new__ is None: + # check all possibles for __member_new__ before falling back to + # __new__ + for method in ('__member_new__', '__new__'): + for possible in (member_type, first_enum): + target = getattr(possible, method, None) + if target not in ( + None, + None.__new__, + object.__new__, + Enum.__new__, + ): + __new__ = target + break + if __new__ is not None: + break + else: + __new__ = object.__new__ + + # if a non-object.__new__ is used then whatever value/tuple was + # assigned to the enum member name will be passed to __new__ and to the + # new enum member's __init__ + if __new__ is object.__new__: + use_args = False + else: + use_args = True + + return __new__, save_new, use_args + + +######################################################## +# In order to support Python 2 and 3 with a single +# codebase we have to create the Enum methods separately +# and then use the `type(name, bases, dict)` method to +# create the class. +######################################################## +temp_enum_dict = {} +temp_enum_dict['__doc__'] = "Generic enumeration.\n\n Derive from this class to define new enumerations.\n\n" + +def __new__(cls, value): + # all enum instances are actually created during class construction + # without calling this method; this method is called by the metaclass' + # __call__ (i.e. Color(3) ), and by pickle + if type(value) is cls: + # For lookups like Color(Color.red) + value = value.value + #return value + # by-value search for a matching enum member + # see if it's in the reverse mapping (for hashable values) + try: + if value in cls._value2member_map_: + return cls._value2member_map_[value] + except TypeError: + # not there, now do long search -- O(n) behavior + for member in cls._member_map_.values(): + if member.value == value: + return member + raise ValueError("%s is not a valid %s" % (value, cls.__name__)) +temp_enum_dict['__new__'] = __new__ +del __new__ + +def __repr__(self): + return "<%s.%s: %r>" % ( + self.__class__.__name__, self._name_, self._value_) +temp_enum_dict['__repr__'] = __repr__ +del __repr__ + +def __str__(self): + return "%s.%s" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_) +temp_enum_dict['__str__'] = __str__ +del __str__ + +def __dir__(self): + added_behavior = [m for m in self.__class__.__dict__ if m[0] != '_'] + return (['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value'] + added_behavior) +temp_enum_dict['__dir__'] = __dir__ +del __dir__ + +def __format__(self, format_spec): + # mixed-in Enums should use the mixed-in type's __format__, otherwise + # we can get strange results with the Enum name showing up instead of + # the value + + # pure Enum branch + if self._member_type_ is object: + cls = str + val = str(self) + # mix-in branch + else: + cls = self._member_type_ + val = self.value + return cls.__format__(val, format_spec) +temp_enum_dict['__format__'] = __format__ +del __format__ + + +#################################### +# Python's less than 2.6 use __cmp__ + +if pyver < 2.6: + + def __cmp__(self, other): + if type(other) is self.__class__: + if self is other: + return 0 + return -1 + return NotImplemented + raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() and %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)) + temp_enum_dict['__cmp__'] = __cmp__ + del __cmp__ + +else: + + def __le__(self, other): + raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() <= %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)) + temp_enum_dict['__le__'] = __le__ + del __le__ + + def __lt__(self, other): + raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() < %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)) + temp_enum_dict['__lt__'] = __lt__ + del __lt__ + + def __ge__(self, other): + raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() >= %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)) + temp_enum_dict['__ge__'] = __ge__ + del __ge__ + + def __gt__(self, other): + raise TypeError("unorderable types: %s() > %s()" % (self.__class__.__name__, other.__class__.__name__)) + temp_enum_dict['__gt__'] = __gt__ + del __gt__ + + +def __eq__(self, other): + if type(other) is self.__class__: + return self is other + return NotImplemented +temp_enum_dict['__eq__'] = __eq__ +del __eq__ + +def __ne__(self, other): + if type(other) is self.__class__: + return self is not other + return NotImplemented +temp_enum_dict['__ne__'] = __ne__ +del __ne__ + +def __hash__(self): + return hash(self._name_) +temp_enum_dict['__hash__'] = __hash__ +del __hash__ + +def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): + return self.__class__, (self._value_, ) +temp_enum_dict['__reduce_ex__'] = __reduce_ex__ +del __reduce_ex__ + +# _RouteClassAttributeToGetattr is used to provide access to the `name` +# and `value` properties of enum members while keeping some measure of +# protection from modification, while still allowing for an enumeration +# to have members named `name` and `value`. This works because enumeration +# members are not set directly on the enum class -- __getattr__ is +# used to look them up. + +@_RouteClassAttributeToGetattr +def name(self): + return self._name_ +temp_enum_dict['name'] = name +del name + +@_RouteClassAttributeToGetattr +def value(self): + return self._value_ +temp_enum_dict['value'] = value +del value + +Enum = EnumMeta('Enum', (object, ), temp_enum_dict) +del temp_enum_dict + +# Enum has now been created +########################### + +class IntEnum(int, Enum): + """Enum where members are also (and must be) ints""" + + +def unique(enumeration): + """Class decorator that ensures only unique members exist in an enumeration.""" + duplicates = [] + for name, member in enumeration.__members__.items(): + if name != member.name: + duplicates.append((name, member.name)) + if duplicates: + duplicate_names = ', '.join( + ["%s -> %s" % (alias, name) for (alias, name) in duplicates] + ) + raise ValueError('duplicate names found in %r: %s' % + (enumeration, duplicate_names) + ) + return enumeration diff --git a/enum/doc/enum.rst b/enum/doc/enum.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d429bf --- /dev/null +++ b/enum/doc/enum.rst @@ -0,0 +1,725 @@ +``enum`` --- support for enumerations +======================================== + +.. :synopsis: enumerations are sets of symbolic names bound to unique, constant + values. +.. :moduleauthor:: Ethan Furman +.. :sectionauthor:: Barry Warsaw , +.. :sectionauthor:: Eli Bendersky , +.. :sectionauthor:: Ethan Furman + +---------------- + +An enumeration is a set of symbolic names (members) bound to unique, constant +values. Within an enumeration, the members can be compared by identity, and +the enumeration itself can be iterated over. + + +Module Contents +--------------- + +This module defines two enumeration classes that can be used to define unique +sets of names and values: ``Enum`` and ``IntEnum``. It also defines +one decorator, ``unique``. + +``Enum`` + +Base class for creating enumerated constants. See section `Functional API`_ +for an alternate construction syntax. + +``IntEnum`` + +Base class for creating enumerated constants that are also subclasses of ``int``. + +``unique`` + +Enum class decorator that ensures only one name is bound to any one value. + + +Creating an Enum +---------------- + +Enumerations are created using the ``class`` syntax, which makes them +easy to read and write. An alternative creation method is described in +`Functional API`_. To define an enumeration, subclass ``Enum`` as +follows:: + + >>> from enum import Enum + >>> class Color(Enum): + ... red = 1 + ... green = 2 + ... blue = 3 + +Note: Nomenclature + + - The class ``Color`` is an *enumeration* (or *enum*) + - The attributes ``Color.red``, ``Color.green``, etc., are + *enumeration members* (or *enum members*). + - The enum members have *names* and *values* (the name of + ``Color.red`` is ``red``, the value of ``Color.blue`` is + ``3``, etc.) + +Note: + + Even though we use the ``class`` syntax to create Enums, Enums + are not normal Python classes. See `How are Enums different?`_ for + more details. + +Enumeration members have human readable string representations:: + + >>> print(Color.red) + Color.red + +...while their ``repr`` has more information:: + + >>> print(repr(Color.red)) + + +The *type* of an enumeration member is the enumeration it belongs to:: + + >>> type(Color.red) + + >>> isinstance(Color.green, Color) + True + >>> + +Enum members also have a property that contains just their item name:: + + >>> print(Color.red.name) + red + +Enumerations support iteration. In Python 3.x definition order is used; in +Python 2.x the definition order is not available, but class attribute +``__order__`` is supported; otherwise, value order is used:: + + >>> class Shake(Enum): + ... __order__ = 'vanilla chocolate cookies mint' # only needed in 2.x + ... vanilla = 7 + ... chocolate = 4 + ... cookies = 9 + ... mint = 3 + ... + >>> for shake in Shake: + ... print(shake) + ... + Shake.vanilla + Shake.chocolate + Shake.cookies + Shake.mint + +The ``__order__`` attribute is always removed, and in 3.x it is also ignored +(order is definition order); however, in the stdlib version it will be ignored +but not removed. + +Enumeration members are hashable, so they can be used in dictionaries and sets:: + + >>> apples = {} + >>> apples[Color.red] = 'red delicious' + >>> apples[Color.green] = 'granny smith' + >>> apples == {Color.red: 'red delicious', Color.green: 'granny smith'} + True + + +Programmatic access to enumeration members and their attributes +--------------------------------------------------------------- + +Sometimes it's useful to access members in enumerations programmatically (i.e. +situations where ``Color.red`` won't do because the exact color is not known +at program-writing time). ``Enum`` allows such access:: + + >>> Color(1) + + >>> Color(3) + + +If you want to access enum members by *name*, use item access:: + + >>> Color['red'] + + >>> Color['green'] + + +If have an enum member and need its ``name`` or ``value``:: + + >>> member = Color.red + >>> member.name + 'red' + >>> member.value + 1 + + +Duplicating enum members and values +----------------------------------- + +Having two enum members (or any other attribute) with the same name is invalid; +in Python 3.x this would raise an error, but in Python 2.x the second member +simply overwrites the first:: + + >>> # python 2.x + >>> class Shape(Enum): + ... square = 2 + ... square = 3 + ... + >>> Shape.square + + + >>> # python 3.x + >>> class Shape(Enum): + ... square = 2 + ... square = 3 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + TypeError: Attempted to reuse key: 'square' + +However, two enum members are allowed to have the same value. Given two members +A and B with the same value (and A defined first), B is an alias to A. By-value +lookup of the value of A and B will return A. By-name lookup of B will also +return A:: + + >>> class Shape(Enum): + ... __order__ = 'square diamond circle alias_for_square' # only needed in 2.x + ... square = 2 + ... diamond = 1 + ... circle = 3 + ... alias_for_square = 2 + ... + >>> Shape.square + + >>> Shape.alias_for_square + + >>> Shape(2) + + + +Allowing aliases is not always desirable. ``unique`` can be used to ensure +that none exist in a particular enumeration:: + + >>> from enum import unique + >>> @unique + ... class Mistake(Enum): + ... __order__ = 'one two three four' # only needed in 2.x + ... one = 1 + ... two = 2 + ... three = 3 + ... four = 3 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + ValueError: duplicate names found in : four -> three + +Iterating over the members of an enum does not provide the aliases:: + + >>> list(Shape) + [, , ] + +The special attribute ``__members__`` is a dictionary mapping names to members. +It includes all names defined in the enumeration, including the aliases:: + + >>> for name, member in sorted(Shape.__members__.items()): + ... name, member + ... + ('alias_for_square', ) + ('circle', ) + ('diamond', ) + ('square', ) + +The ``__members__`` attribute can be used for detailed programmatic access to +the enumeration members. For example, finding all the aliases:: + + >>> [name for name, member in Shape.__members__.items() if member.name != name] + ['alias_for_square'] + +Comparisons +----------- + +Enumeration members are compared by identity:: + + >>> Color.red is Color.red + True + >>> Color.red is Color.blue + False + >>> Color.red is not Color.blue + True + +Ordered comparisons between enumeration values are *not* supported. Enum +members are not integers (but see `IntEnum`_ below):: + + >>> Color.red < Color.blue + Traceback (most recent call last): + File "", line 1, in + TypeError: unorderable types: Color() < Color() + +.. warning:: + + In Python 2 *everything* is ordered, even though the ordering may not + make sense. If you want your enumerations to have a sensible ordering + check out the `OrderedEnum`_ recipe below. + + +Equality comparisons are defined though:: + + >>> Color.blue == Color.red + False + >>> Color.blue != Color.red + True + >>> Color.blue == Color.blue + True + +Comparisons against non-enumeration values will always compare not equal +(again, ``IntEnum`` was explicitly designed to behave differently, see +below):: + + >>> Color.blue == 2 + False + + +Allowed members and attributes of enumerations +---------------------------------------------- + +The examples above use integers for enumeration values. Using integers is +short and handy (and provided by default by the `Functional API`_), but not +strictly enforced. In the vast majority of use-cases, one doesn't care what +the actual value of an enumeration is. But if the value *is* important, +enumerations can have arbitrary values. + +Enumerations are Python classes, and can have methods and special methods as +usual. If we have this enumeration:: + + >>> class Mood(Enum): + ... funky = 1 + ... happy = 3 + ... + ... def describe(self): + ... # self is the member here + ... return self.name, self.value + ... + ... def __str__(self): + ... return 'my custom str! {0}'.format(self.value) + ... + ... @classmethod + ... def favorite_mood(cls): + ... # cls here is the enumeration + ... return cls.happy + +Then:: + + >>> Mood.favorite_mood() + + >>> Mood.happy.describe() + ('happy', 3) + >>> str(Mood.funky) + 'my custom str! 1' + +The rules for what is allowed are as follows: _sunder_ names (starting and +ending with a single underscore) are reserved by enum and cannot be used; +all other attributes defined within an enumeration will become members of this +enumeration, with the exception of *__dunder__* names and descriptors (methods +are also descriptors). + +Note: + + If your enumeration defines ``__new__`` and/or ``__init__`` then + whatever value(s) were given to the enum member will be passed into + those methods. See `Planet`_ for an example. + + +Restricted subclassing of enumerations +-------------------------------------- + +Subclassing an enumeration is allowed only if the enumeration does not define +any members. So this is forbidden:: + + >>> class MoreColor(Color): + ... pink = 17 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + TypeError: Cannot extend enumerations + +But this is allowed:: + + >>> class Foo(Enum): + ... def some_behavior(self): + ... pass + ... + >>> class Bar(Foo): + ... happy = 1 + ... sad = 2 + ... + +Allowing subclassing of enums that define members would lead to a violation of +some important invariants of types and instances. On the other hand, it makes +sense to allow sharing some common behavior between a group of enumerations. +(See `OrderedEnum`_ for an example.) + + +Pickling +-------- + +Enumerations can be pickled and unpickled:: + + >>> from enum.test_enum import Fruit + >>> from pickle import dumps, loads + >>> Fruit.tomato is loads(dumps(Fruit.tomato, 2)) + True + +The usual restrictions for pickling apply: picklable enums must be defined in +the top level of a module, since unpickling requires them to be importable +from that module. + +Note: + + With pickle protocol version 4 (introduced in Python 3.4) it is possible + to easily pickle enums nested in other classes. + + + +Functional API +-------------- + +The ``Enum`` class is callable, providing the following functional API:: + + >>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ant bee cat dog') + >>> Animal + + >>> Animal.ant + + >>> Animal.ant.value + 1 + >>> list(Animal) + [, , , ] + +The semantics of this API resemble ``namedtuple``. The first argument +of the call to ``Enum`` is the name of the enumeration. + +The second argument is the *source* of enumeration member names. It can be a +whitespace-separated string of names, a sequence of names, a sequence of +2-tuples with key/value pairs, or a mapping (e.g. dictionary) of names to +values. The last two options enable assigning arbitrary values to +enumerations; the others auto-assign increasing integers starting with 1. A +new class derived from ``Enum`` is returned. In other words, the above +assignment to ``Animal`` is equivalent to:: + + >>> class Animals(Enum): + ... ant = 1 + ... bee = 2 + ... cat = 3 + ... dog = 4 + +Pickling enums created with the functional API can be tricky as frame stack +implementation details are used to try and figure out which module the +enumeration is being created in (e.g. it will fail if you use a utility +function in separate module, and also may not work on IronPython or Jython). +The solution is to specify the module name explicitly as follows:: + + >>> Animals = Enum('Animals', 'ant bee cat dog', module=__name__) + +Derived Enumerations +-------------------- + +IntEnum +^^^^^^^ + +A variation of ``Enum`` is provided which is also a subclass of +``int``. Members of an ``IntEnum`` can be compared to integers; +by extension, integer enumerations of different types can also be compared +to each other:: + + >>> from enum import IntEnum + >>> class Shape(IntEnum): + ... circle = 1 + ... square = 2 + ... + >>> class Request(IntEnum): + ... post = 1 + ... get = 2 + ... + >>> Shape == 1 + False + >>> Shape.circle == 1 + True + >>> Shape.circle == Request.post + True + +However, they still can't be compared to standard ``Enum`` enumerations:: + + >>> class Shape(IntEnum): + ... circle = 1 + ... square = 2 + ... + >>> class Color(Enum): + ... red = 1 + ... green = 2 + ... + >>> Shape.circle == Color.red + False + +``IntEnum`` values behave like integers in other ways you'd expect:: + + >>> int(Shape.circle) + 1 + >>> ['a', 'b', 'c'][Shape.circle] + 'b' + >>> [i for i in range(Shape.square)] + [0, 1] + +For the vast majority of code, ``Enum`` is strongly recommended, +since ``IntEnum`` breaks some semantic promises of an enumeration (by +being comparable to integers, and thus by transitivity to other +unrelated enumerations). It should be used only in special cases where +there's no other choice; for example, when integer constants are +replaced with enumerations and backwards compatibility is required with code +that still expects integers. + + +Others +^^^^^^ + +While ``IntEnum`` is part of the ``enum`` module, it would be very +simple to implement independently:: + + class IntEnum(int, Enum): + pass + +This demonstrates how similar derived enumerations can be defined; for example +a ``StrEnum`` that mixes in ``str`` instead of ``int``. + +Some rules: + +1. When subclassing ``Enum``, mix-in types must appear before + ``Enum`` itself in the sequence of bases, as in the ``IntEnum`` + example above. +2. While ``Enum`` can have members of any type, once you mix in an + additional type, all the members must have values of that type, e.g. + ``int`` above. This restriction does not apply to mix-ins which only + add methods and don't specify another data type such as ``int`` or + ``str``. +3. When another data type is mixed in, the ``value`` attribute is *not the + same* as the enum member itself, although it is equivalant and will compare + equal. +4. %-style formatting: ``%s`` and ``%r`` call ``Enum``'s ``__str__`` and + ``__repr__`` respectively; other codes (such as ``%i`` or ``%h`` for + IntEnum) treat the enum member as its mixed-in type. + + Note: Prior to Python 3.4 there is a bug in ``str``'s %-formatting: ``int`` + subclasses are printed as strings and not numbers when the ``%d``, ``%i``, + or ``%u`` codes are used. +5. ``str.__format__`` (or ``format``) will use the mixed-in + type's ``__format__``. If the ``Enum``'s ``str`` or + ``repr`` is desired use the ``!s`` or ``!r`` ``str`` format codes. + + +Decorators +---------- + +unique +^^^^^^ + +A ``class`` decorator specifically for enumerations. It searches an +enumeration's ``__members__`` gathering any aliases it finds; if any are +found ``ValueError`` is raised with the details:: + + >>> @unique + ... class NoDupes(Enum): + ... first = 'one' + ... second = 'two' + ... third = 'two' + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + ValueError: duplicate names found in : third -> second + + +Interesting examples +-------------------- + +While ``Enum`` and ``IntEnum`` are expected to cover the majority of +use-cases, they cannot cover them all. Here are recipes for some different +types of enumerations that can be used directly, or as examples for creating +one's own. + + +AutoNumber +^^^^^^^^^^ + +Avoids having to specify the value for each enumeration member:: + + >>> class AutoNumber(Enum): + ... def __new__(cls): + ... value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 + ... obj = object.__new__(cls) + ... obj._value_ = value + ... return obj + ... + >>> class Color(AutoNumber): + ... __order__ = "red green blue" # only needed in 2.x + ... red = () + ... green = () + ... blue = () + ... + >>> Color.green.value == 2 + True + +Note: + + The `__new__` method, if defined, is used during creation of the Enum + members; it is then replaced by Enum's `__new__` which is used after + class creation for lookup of existing members. Due to the way Enums are + supposed to behave, there is no way to customize Enum's `__new__`. + + +UniqueEnum +^^^^^^^^^^ + +Raises an error if a duplicate member name is found instead of creating an +alias:: + + >>> class UniqueEnum(Enum): + ... def __init__(self, *args): + ... cls = self.__class__ + ... if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls): + ... a = self.name + ... e = cls(self.value).name + ... raise ValueError( + ... "aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum: %r --> %r" + ... % (a, e)) + ... + >>> class Color(UniqueEnum): + ... red = 1 + ... green = 2 + ... blue = 3 + ... grene = 2 + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + ValueError: aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum: 'grene' --> 'green' + + +OrderedEnum +^^^^^^^^^^^ + +An ordered enumeration that is not based on ``IntEnum`` and so maintains +the normal ``Enum`` invariants (such as not being comparable to other +enumerations):: + + >>> class OrderedEnum(Enum): + ... def __ge__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ >= other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... def __gt__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ > other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... def __le__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ <= other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... def __lt__(self, other): + ... if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + ... return self._value_ < other._value_ + ... return NotImplemented + ... + >>> class Grade(OrderedEnum): + ... __ordered__ = 'A B C D F' + ... A = 5 + ... B = 4 + ... C = 3 + ... D = 2 + ... F = 1 + ... + >>> Grade.C < Grade.A + True + + +Planet +^^^^^^ + +If ``__new__`` or ``__init__`` is defined the value of the enum member +will be passed to those methods:: + + >>> class Planet(Enum): + ... MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6) + ... VENUS = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6) + ... EARTH = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6) + ... MARS = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6) + ... JUPITER = (1.9e+27, 7.1492e7) + ... SATURN = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7) + ... URANUS = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7) + ... NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7) + ... def __init__(self, mass, radius): + ... self.mass = mass # in kilograms + ... self.radius = radius # in meters + ... @property + ... def surface_gravity(self): + ... # universal gravitational constant (m3 kg-1 s-2) + ... G = 6.67300E-11 + ... return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius) + ... + >>> Planet.EARTH.value + (5.976e+24, 6378140.0) + >>> Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity + 9.802652743337129 + + +How are Enums different? +------------------------ + +Enums have a custom metaclass that affects many aspects of both derived Enum +classes and their instances (members). + + +Enum Classes +^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The ``EnumMeta`` metaclass is responsible for providing the +``__contains__``, ``__dir__``, ``__iter__`` and other methods that +allow one to do things with an ``Enum`` class that fail on a typical +class, such as ``list(Color)`` or ``some_var in Color``. ``EnumMeta`` is +responsible for ensuring that various other methods on the final ``Enum`` +class are correct (such as ``__new__``, ``__getnewargs__``, +``__str__`` and ``__repr__``) + + +Enum Members (aka instances) +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +The most interesting thing about Enum members is that they are singletons. +``EnumMeta`` creates them all while it is creating the ``Enum`` +class itself, and then puts a custom ``__new__`` in place to ensure +that no new ones are ever instantiated by returning only the existing +member instances. + + +Finer Points +^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +Enum members are instances of an Enum class, and even though they are +accessible as ``EnumClass.member``, they are not accessible directly from +the member:: + + >>> Color.red + + >>> Color.red.blue + Traceback (most recent call last): + ... + AttributeError: 'Color' object has no attribute 'blue' + +Likewise, ``__members__`` is only available on the class. + +In Python 3.x ``__members__`` is always an ``OrderedDict``, with the order being +the definition order. In Python 2.7 ``__members__`` is an ``OrderedDict`` if +``__order__`` was specified, and a plain ``dict`` otherwise. In all other Python +2.x versions ``__members__`` is a plain ``dict`` even if ``__order__`` was specified +as the ``OrderedDict`` type didn't exist yet. + +If you give your ``Enum`` subclass extra methods, like the `Planet`_ +class above, those methods will show up in a `dir` of the member, +but not of the class:: + + >>> dir(Planet) + ['EARTH', 'JUPITER', 'MARS', 'MERCURY', 'NEPTUNE', 'SATURN', 'URANUS', + 'VENUS', '__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__'] + >>> dir(Planet.EARTH) + ['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'surface_gravity', 'value'] + +A ``__new__`` method will only be used for the creation of the +``Enum`` members -- after that it is replaced. This means if you wish to +change how ``Enum`` members are looked up you either have to write a +helper function or a ``classmethod``. diff --git a/enum/enum.py b/enum/enum.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e69de29 diff --git a/enum/test_enum.py b/enum/test_enum.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6ed494e --- /dev/null +++ b/enum/test_enum.py @@ -0,0 +1,1641 @@ +import enum +import sys +import unittest +from enum import Enum, IntEnum, unique, EnumMeta +from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL + +pyver = float('%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2]) + +try: + any +except NameError: + def any(iterable): + for element in iterable: + if element: + return True + return False + +try: + unicode +except NameError: + unicode = str + +try: + from collections import OrderedDict +except ImportError: + OrderedDict = None + +# for pickle tests +try: + class Stooges(Enum): + LARRY = 1 + CURLY = 2 + MOE = 3 +except Exception: + Stooges = sys.exc_info()[1] + +try: + class IntStooges(int, Enum): + LARRY = 1 + CURLY = 2 + MOE = 3 +except Exception: + IntStooges = sys.exc_info()[1] + +try: + class FloatStooges(float, Enum): + LARRY = 1.39 + CURLY = 2.72 + MOE = 3.142596 +except Exception: + FloatStooges = sys.exc_info()[1] + +# for pickle test and subclass tests +try: + class StrEnum(str, Enum): + 'accepts only string values' + class Name(StrEnum): + BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum' + FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw' +except Exception: + Name = sys.exc_info()[1] + +try: + Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__) +except Exception: + Question = sys.exc_info()[1] + +try: + Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because') +except Exception: + Answer = sys.exc_info()[1] + +try: + Theory = Enum('Theory', 'rule law supposition', qualname='spanish_inquisition') +except Exception: + Theory = sys.exc_info()[1] + +# for doctests +try: + class Fruit(Enum): + tomato = 1 + banana = 2 + cherry = 3 +except Exception: + pass + +def test_pickle_dump_load(assertion, source, target=None, + protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)): + start, stop = protocol + failures = [] + for protocol in range(start, stop+1): + try: + if target is None: + assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)) is source) + else: + assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), target) + except Exception: + exc, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:] + failures.append('%2d: %s' %(protocol, exc)) + if failures: + raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures)) + +def test_pickle_exception(assertion, exception, obj, + protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)): + start, stop = protocol + failures = [] + for protocol in range(start, stop+1): + try: + assertion(exception, dumps, obj, protocol=protocol) + except Exception: + exc = sys.exc_info()[1] + failures.append('%d: %s %s' % (protocol, exc.__class__.__name__, exc)) + if failures: + raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures)) + + +class TestHelpers(unittest.TestCase): + # _is_descriptor, _is_sunder, _is_dunder + + def test_is_descriptor(self): + class foo: + pass + for attr in ('__get__','__set__','__delete__'): + obj = foo() + self.assertFalse(enum._is_descriptor(obj)) + setattr(obj, attr, 1) + self.assertTrue(enum._is_descriptor(obj)) + + def test_is_sunder(self): + for s in ('_a_', '_aa_'): + self.assertTrue(enum._is_sunder(s)) + + for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '__a__', '_a__', '__a_', '_', + '__', '___', '____', '_____',): + self.assertFalse(enum._is_sunder(s)) + + def test_is_dunder(self): + for s in ('__a__', '__aa__'): + self.assertTrue(enum._is_dunder(s)) + for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '_a_', '_a__', '__a_', '_', + '__', '___', '____', '_____',): + self.assertFalse(enum._is_dunder(s)) + + +class TestEnum(unittest.TestCase): + def setUp(self): + class Season(Enum): + SPRING = 1 + SUMMER = 2 + AUTUMN = 3 + WINTER = 4 + self.Season = Season + + class Konstants(float, Enum): + E = 2.7182818 + PI = 3.1415926 + TAU = 2 * PI + self.Konstants = Konstants + + class Grades(IntEnum): + A = 5 + B = 4 + C = 3 + D = 2 + F = 0 + self.Grades = Grades + + class Directional(str, Enum): + EAST = 'east' + WEST = 'west' + NORTH = 'north' + SOUTH = 'south' + self.Directional = Directional + + from datetime import date + class Holiday(date, Enum): + NEW_YEAR = 2013, 1, 1 + IDES_OF_MARCH = 2013, 3, 15 + self.Holiday = Holiday + + if pyver >= 2.6: # cannot specify custom `dir` on this version + def test_dir_on_class(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertEqual( + set(dir(Season)), + set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__', + 'SPRING', 'SUMMER', 'AUTUMN', 'WINTER']), + ) + + def test_dir_on_item(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertEqual( + set(dir(Season.WINTER)), + set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value']), + ) + + if pyver >= 2.7: # OrderedDict first available here + def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_ordered(self): + class Ordered(Enum): + __order__ = 'first second third' + first = 'bippity' + second = 'boppity' + third = 'boo' + self.assertTrue(type(Ordered.__members__) is OrderedDict) + + def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_not_ordered(self): + class Unordered(Enum): + this = 'that' + these = 'those' + self.assertTrue(type(Unordered.__members__) is OrderedDict) + + if pyver >= 3.0: # all objects are ordered in Python 2.x + def test_members_is_always_ordered(self): + class AlwaysOrdered(Enum): + first = 1 + second = 2 + third = 3 + self.assertTrue(type(AlwaysOrdered.__members__) is OrderedDict) + + def test_comparisons(self): + def bad_compare(): + Season.SPRING > 4 + Season = self.Season + self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, 1) + self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_compare) + + class Part(Enum): + SPRING = 1 + CLIP = 2 + BARREL = 3 + + self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, Part.SPRING) + def bad_compare(): + Season.SPRING < Part.CLIP + self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_compare) + + def test_enum_in_enum_out(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertTrue(Season(Season.WINTER) is Season.WINTER) + + def test_enum_value(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1) + + def test_intenum_value(self): + self.assertEqual(IntStooges.CURLY.value, 2) + + def test_enum(self): + Season = self.Season + lst = list(Season) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Season)) + self.assertEqual(len(Season), 4, Season) + self.assertEqual( + [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER], lst) + + for i, season in enumerate('SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER'.split()): + i += 1 + e = Season(i) + self.assertEqual(e, getattr(Season, season)) + self.assertEqual(e.value, i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, season) + self.assertTrue(e in Season) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is Season) + self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Season)) + self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Season.' + season) + self.assertEqual( + repr(e), + '' % (season, i), + ) + + def test_value_name(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.name, 'SPRING') + self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1) + def set_name(obj, new_value): + obj.name = new_value + def set_value(obj, new_value): + obj.value = new_value + self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_name, Season.SPRING, 'invierno', ) + self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_value, Season.SPRING, 2) + + def test_attribute_deletion(self): + class Season(Enum): + SPRING = 1 + SUMMER = 2 + AUTUMN = 3 + WINTER = 4 + + def spam(cls): + pass + + self.assertTrue(hasattr(Season, 'spam')) + del Season.spam + self.assertFalse(hasattr(Season, 'spam')) + + self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'SPRING') + self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'DRY') + self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season.SPRING, 'name') + + def test_invalid_names(self): + def create_bad_class_1(): + class Wrong(Enum): + mro = 9 + def create_bad_class_2(): + class Wrong(Enum): + _reserved_ = 3 + self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_1) + self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_2) + + def test_contains(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertTrue(Season.AUTUMN in Season) + self.assertTrue(3 not in Season) + + val = Season(3) + self.assertTrue(val in Season) + + class OtherEnum(Enum): + one = 1; two = 2 + self.assertTrue(OtherEnum.two not in Season) + + if pyver >= 2.6: # when `format` came into being + + def test_format_enum(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(Season.SPRING), + '{0}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) + self.assertEqual( '{0:}'.format(Season.SPRING), + '{0:}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) + self.assertEqual('{0:20}'.format(Season.SPRING), + '{0:20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) + self.assertEqual('{0:^20}'.format(Season.SPRING), + '{0:^20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) + self.assertEqual('{0:>20}'.format(Season.SPRING), + '{0:>20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) + self.assertEqual('{0:<20}'.format(Season.SPRING), + '{0:<20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING))) + + def test_format_enum_custom(self): + class TestFloat(float, Enum): + one = 1.0 + two = 2.0 + def __format__(self, spec): + return 'TestFloat success!' + self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(TestFloat.one), 'TestFloat success!') + + def assertFormatIsValue(self, spec, member): + self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(member.value)) + + def test_format_enum_date(self): + Holiday = self.Holiday + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m %M:00}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH) + + def test_format_enum_float(self): + Konstants = self.Konstants + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:n}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:5.2}', Konstants.TAU) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:f}', Konstants.TAU) + + def test_format_enum_int(self): + Grades = self.Grades + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:+}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:08X}', Grades.C) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:b}', Grades.C) + + def test_format_enum_str(self): + Directional = self.Directional + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Directional.WEST) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Directional.WEST) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Directional.WEST) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Directional.WEST) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Directional.WEST) + self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Directional.WEST) + + def test_hash(self): + Season = self.Season + dates = {} + dates[Season.WINTER] = '1225' + dates[Season.SPRING] = '0315' + dates[Season.SUMMER] = '0704' + dates[Season.AUTUMN] = '1031' + self.assertEqual(dates[Season.AUTUMN], '1031') + + def test_enum_duplicates(self): + __order__ = "SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER" + class Season(Enum): + SPRING = 1 + SUMMER = 2 + AUTUMN = FALL = 3 + WINTER = 4 + ANOTHER_SPRING = 1 + lst = list(Season) + self.assertEqual( + lst, + [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, + Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER, + ]) + self.assertTrue(Season.FALL is Season.AUTUMN) + self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.value, 3) + self.assertEqual(Season.AUTUMN.value, 3) + self.assertTrue(Season(3) is Season.AUTUMN) + self.assertTrue(Season(1) is Season.SPRING) + self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.name, 'AUTUMN') + self.assertEqual( + set([k for k,v in Season.__members__.items() if v.name != k]), + set(['FALL', 'ANOTHER_SPRING']), + ) + + if pyver >= 3.0: + cls = vars() + result = {'Enum':Enum} + exec("""def test_duplicate_name(self): + with self.assertRaises(TypeError): + class Color(Enum): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + red = 4 + + with self.assertRaises(TypeError): + class Color(Enum): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + def red(self): + return 'red' + + with self.assertRaises(TypeError): + class Color(Enum): + @property + def red(self): + return 'redder' + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3""", + result) + cls['test_duplicate_name'] = result['test_duplicate_name'] + + def test_enum_with_value_name(self): + class Huh(Enum): + name = 1 + value = 2 + self.assertEqual( + list(Huh), + [Huh.name, Huh.value], + ) + self.assertTrue(type(Huh.name) is Huh) + self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name') + self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1) + + def test_intenum_from_scratch(self): + class phy(int, Enum): + pi = 3 + tau = 2 * pi + self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) + + def test_intenum_inherited(self): + class IntEnum(int, Enum): + pass + class phy(IntEnum): + pi = 3 + tau = 2 * pi + self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) + + def test_floatenum_from_scratch(self): + class phy(float, Enum): + pi = 3.1415926 + tau = 2 * pi + self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) + + def test_floatenum_inherited(self): + class FloatEnum(float, Enum): + pass + class phy(FloatEnum): + pi = 3.1415926 + tau = 2 * pi + self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) + + def test_strenum_from_scratch(self): + class phy(str, Enum): + pi = 'Pi' + tau = 'Tau' + self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) + + def test_strenum_inherited(self): + class StrEnum(str, Enum): + pass + class phy(StrEnum): + pi = 'Pi' + tau = 'Tau' + self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau) + + def test_intenum(self): + class WeekDay(IntEnum): + SUNDAY = 1 + MONDAY = 2 + TUESDAY = 3 + WEDNESDAY = 4 + THURSDAY = 5 + FRIDAY = 6 + SATURDAY = 7 + + self.assertEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'][WeekDay.MONDAY], 'c') + self.assertEqual([i for i in range(WeekDay.TUESDAY)], [0, 1, 2]) + + lst = list(WeekDay) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(WeekDay)) + self.assertEqual(len(WeekDay), 7) + target = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY' + target = target.split() + for i, weekday in enumerate(target): + i += 1 + e = WeekDay(i) + self.assertEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(int(e), i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, weekday) + self.assertTrue(e in WeekDay) + self.assertEqual(lst.index(e)+1, i) + self.assertTrue(0 < e < 8) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is WeekDay) + self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int)) + self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Enum)) + + def test_intenum_duplicates(self): + class WeekDay(IntEnum): + __order__ = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY' + SUNDAY = 1 + MONDAY = 2 + TUESDAY = TEUSDAY = 3 + WEDNESDAY = 4 + THURSDAY = 5 + FRIDAY = 6 + SATURDAY = 7 + self.assertTrue(WeekDay.TEUSDAY is WeekDay.TUESDAY) + self.assertEqual(WeekDay(3).name, 'TUESDAY') + self.assertEqual([k for k,v in WeekDay.__members__.items() + if v.name != k], ['TEUSDAY', ]) + + def test_pickle_enum(self): + if isinstance(Stooges, Exception): + raise Stooges + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges.CURLY) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges) + + def test_pickle_int(self): + if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception): + raise IntStooges + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges.CURLY) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges) + + def test_pickle_float(self): + if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception): + raise FloatStooges + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges.CURLY) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges) + + def test_pickle_enum_function(self): + if isinstance(Answer, Exception): + raise Answer + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer.him) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer) + + def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self): + if isinstance(Question, Exception): + raise Question + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question.who) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question) + + if pyver >= 3.4: + def test_class_nested_enum_and_pickle_protocol_four(self): + # would normally just have this directly in the class namespace + class NestedEnum(Enum): + twigs = 'common' + shiny = 'rare' + + self.__class__.NestedEnum = NestedEnum + self.NestedEnum.__qualname__ = '%s.NestedEnum' % self.__class__.__name__ + test_pickle_exception( + self.assertRaises, PicklingError, self.NestedEnum.twigs, + protocol=(0, 3)) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, self.NestedEnum.twigs, + protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)) + + def test_exploding_pickle(self): + BadPickle = Enum('BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter') + enum._make_class_unpicklable(BadPickle) + globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle + test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, BadPickle.dill) + test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, BadPickle) + + def test_string_enum(self): + class SkillLevel(str, Enum): + master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?' + journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?' + apprentice = 'knock, knock!' + self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!') + + def test_getattr_getitem(self): + class Period(Enum): + morning = 1 + noon = 2 + evening = 3 + night = 4 + self.assertTrue(Period(2) is Period.noon) + self.assertTrue(getattr(Period, 'night') is Period.night) + self.assertTrue(Period['morning'] is Period.morning) + + def test_getattr_dunder(self): + Season = self.Season + self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__hash__')) + + def test_iteration_order(self): + class Season(Enum): + __order__ = 'SUMMER WINTER AUTUMN SPRING' + SUMMER = 2 + WINTER = 4 + AUTUMN = 3 + SPRING = 1 + self.assertEqual( + list(Season), + [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING], + ) + + def test_programatic_function_string(self): + SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august') + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_string_list(self): + SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august']) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_iterable(self): + SummerMonth = Enum( + 'SummerMonth', + (('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3)) + ) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self): + SummerMonth = Enum( + 'SummerMonth', + dict((('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3))) + ) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + if pyver < 3.0: + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_type(self): + SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass(self): + SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august') + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_unicode(self): + SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august')) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_unicode_list(self): + SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', [unicode('june'), unicode('july'), unicode('august')]) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_unicode_iterable(self): + SummerMonth = Enum( + 'SummerMonth', + ((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3)) + ) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_from_unicode_dict(self): + SummerMonth = Enum( + 'SummerMonth', + dict(((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3))) + ) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + if pyver < 3.0: + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i) + self.assertNotEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_unicode_type(self): + SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'), type=int) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_programatic_function_unicode_type_from_subclass(self): + SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august')) + lst = list(SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth)) + self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth) + self.assertEqual( + [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august], + lst, + ) + for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()): + i += 1 + e = SummerMonth(i) + self.assertEqual(e, i) + self.assertEqual(e.name, month) + self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth) + self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth) + + def test_subclassing(self): + if isinstance(Name, Exception): + raise Name + self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum') + self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum')) + self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL is getattr(Name, 'BDFL')) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Name.BDFL) + + def test_extending(self): + def bad_extension(): + class Color(Enum): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + class MoreColor(Color): + cyan = 4 + magenta = 5 + yellow = 6 + self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension) + + def test_exclude_methods(self): + class whatever(Enum): + this = 'that' + these = 'those' + def really(self): + return 'no, not %s' % self.value + self.assertFalse(type(whatever.really) is whatever) + self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that') + + def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self): + def wrong_inherit(): + class Wrong(Enum, str): + NotHere = 'error before this point' + self.assertRaises(TypeError, wrong_inherit) + + def test_intenum_transitivity(self): + class number(IntEnum): + one = 1 + two = 2 + three = 3 + class numero(IntEnum): + uno = 1 + dos = 2 + tres = 3 + self.assertEqual(number.one, numero.uno) + self.assertEqual(number.two, numero.dos) + self.assertEqual(number.three, numero.tres) + + def test_introspection(self): + class Number(IntEnum): + one = 100 + two = 200 + self.assertTrue(Number.one._member_type_ is int) + self.assertTrue(Number._member_type_ is int) + class String(str, Enum): + yarn = 'soft' + rope = 'rough' + wire = 'hard' + self.assertTrue(String.yarn._member_type_ is str) + self.assertTrue(String._member_type_ is str) + class Plain(Enum): + vanilla = 'white' + one = 1 + self.assertTrue(Plain.vanilla._member_type_ is object) + self.assertTrue(Plain._member_type_ is object) + + def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self): + class Monochrome(Enum): + black = 0 + white = 1 + class Gender(Enum): + male = 0 + female = 1 + self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male) + + def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self): + class Monochrome(IntEnum): + black = 0 + white = 1 + class Gender(Enum): + male = 0 + female = 1 + self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male) + + def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self): + class Monochrome(IntEnum): + black = 0 + white = 1 + class Gender(IntEnum): + male = 0 + female = 1 + self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.female) is Monochrome.white) + + def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self): + class Monochrome(Enum): + black = 0 + white = 1 + class Gender(IntEnum): + male = 0 + female = 1 + self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.male) is Monochrome.black) + + def test_flufl_enum(self): + class Fluflnum(Enum): + def __int__(self): + return int(self.value) + class MailManOptions(Fluflnum): + option1 = 1 + option2 = 2 + option3 = 3 + self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1) + + def test_no_such_enum_member(self): + class Color(Enum): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + self.assertRaises(ValueError, Color, 4) + self.assertRaises(KeyError, Color.__getitem__, 'chartreuse') + + def test_new_repr(self): + class Color(Enum): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + def __repr__(self): + return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name + self.assertEqual( + repr(Color.blue), + "don't you just love shades of blue?", + ) + + def test_inherited_repr(self): + class MyEnum(Enum): + def __repr__(self): + return "My name is %s." % self.name + class MyIntEnum(int, MyEnum): + this = 1 + that = 2 + theother = 3 + self.assertEqual(repr(MyIntEnum.that), "My name is that.") + + def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self): + class auto_enum(EnumMeta): + def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict): + original_dict = classdict + classdict = enum._EnumDict() + for k, v in original_dict.items(): + classdict[k] = v + temp = type(classdict)() + names = set(classdict._member_names) + i = 0 + for k in classdict._member_names: + v = classdict[k] + if v == (): + v = i + else: + i = v + i += 1 + temp[k] = v + for k, v in classdict.items(): + if k not in names: + temp[k] = v + return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__( + metacls, cls, bases, temp) + + AutoNumberedEnum = auto_enum('AutoNumberedEnum', (Enum,), {}) + + AutoIntEnum = auto_enum('AutoIntEnum', (IntEnum,), {}) + + class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum): + a = () + b = 3 + c = () + + class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum): + a = () + b = 3 + c = () + + def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self): + class NamedInt(int): + __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + def __new__(cls, *args): + _args = args + if len(args) < 1: + raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") + name, args = args[0], args[1:] + self = int.__new__(cls, *args) + self._intname = name + self._args = _args + return self + def __getnewargs__(self): + return self._args + @property + def __name__(self): + return self._intname + def __repr__(self): + # repr() is updated to include the name and type info + return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, + self.__name__, + int.__repr__(self)) + def __str__(self): + # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback + base = int + base_str = base.__str__ + if base_str.__objclass__ is object: + return base.__repr__(self) + return base_str(self) + # for simplicity, we only define one operator that + # propagates expressions + def __add__(self, other): + temp = int(self) + int( other) + if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): + return NamedInt( + '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), + temp ) + else: + return temp + + class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): + __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + x = ('the-x', 1) + y = ('the-y', 2) + + self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) + self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") + globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt + globals()['NEI'] = NEI + NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) + self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NI5, 5) + self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) + + if pyver >= 3.4: + def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs_ex(self): + class NamedInt(int): + __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + def __new__(cls, *args): + _args = args + if len(args) < 2: + raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") + name, args = args[0], args[1:] + self = int.__new__(cls, *args) + self._intname = name + self._args = _args + return self + def __getnewargs_ex__(self): + return self._args, {} + @property + def __name__(self): + return self._intname + def __repr__(self): + # repr() is updated to include the name and type info + return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__, + self.__name__, + int.__repr__(self)) + def __str__(self): + # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback + base = int + base_str = base.__str__ + if base_str.__objclass__ is object: + return base.__repr__(self) + return base_str(self) + # for simplicity, we only define one operator that + # propagates expressions + def __add__(self, other): + temp = int(self) + int( other) + if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): + return NamedInt( + '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__), + temp ) + else: + return temp + + class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): + __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + x = ('the-x', 1) + y = ('the-y', 2) + + + self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__) + self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") + globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt + globals()['NEI'] = NEI + NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) + self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5, protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)) + self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y, protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)) + + def test_subclasses_with_reduce(self): + class NamedInt(int): + __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + def __new__(cls, *args): + _args = args + if len(args) < 1: + raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") + name, args = args[0], args[1:] + self = int.__new__(cls, *args) + self._intname = name + self._args = _args + return self + def __reduce__(self): + return self.__class__, self._args + @property + def __name__(self): + return self._intname + def __repr__(self): + # repr() is updated to include the name and type info + return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, + self.__name__, + int.__repr__(self)) + def __str__(self): + # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback + base = int + base_str = base.__str__ + if base_str.__objclass__ is object: + return base.__repr__(self) + return base_str(self) + # for simplicity, we only define one operator that + # propagates expressions + def __add__(self, other): + temp = int(self) + int( other) + if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): + return NamedInt( + '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), + temp ) + else: + return temp + + class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): + __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + x = ('the-x', 1) + y = ('the-y', 2) + + + self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) + self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") + globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt + globals()['NEI'] = NEI + NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) + self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5) + self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) + + def test_subclasses_with_reduce_ex(self): + class NamedInt(int): + __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + def __new__(cls, *args): + _args = args + if len(args) < 1: + raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") + name, args = args[0], args[1:] + self = int.__new__(cls, *args) + self._intname = name + self._args = _args + return self + def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): + return self.__class__, self._args + @property + def __name__(self): + return self._intname + def __repr__(self): + # repr() is updated to include the name and type info + return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, + self.__name__, + int.__repr__(self)) + def __str__(self): + # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback + base = int + base_str = base.__str__ + if base_str.__objclass__ is object: + return base.__repr__(self) + return base_str(self) + # for simplicity, we only define one operator that + # propagates expressions + def __add__(self, other): + temp = int(self) + int( other) + if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): + return NamedInt( + '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), + temp ) + else: + return temp + + class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): + __qualname__ = 'NEI' # needed for pickle protocol 4 + x = ('the-x', 1) + y = ('the-y', 2) + + + self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) + self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") + globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt + globals()['NEI'] = NEI + NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) + self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5) + self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) + + def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support(self): + class NamedInt(int): + __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' + def __new__(cls, *args): + _args = args + name, args = args[0], args[1:] + if len(args) == 0: + raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") + self = int.__new__(cls, *args) + self._intname = name + self._args = _args + return self + @property + def __name__(self): + return self._intname + def __repr__(self): + # repr() is updated to include the name and type info + return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, + self.__name__, + int.__repr__(self)) + def __str__(self): + # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback + base = int + base_str = base.__str__ + if base_str.__objclass__ is object: + return base.__repr__(self) + return base_str(self) + # for simplicity, we only define one operator that + # propagates expressions + def __add__(self, other): + temp = int(self) + int( other) + if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): + return NamedInt( + '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), + temp ) + else: + return temp + + class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): + __qualname__ = 'NEI' + x = ('the-x', 1) + y = ('the-y', 2) + + self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) + self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") + globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt + globals()['NEI'] = NEI + NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) + self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) + self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) + test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, NEI.x) + test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, NEI) + + def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support_using_name(self): + class NamedInt(int): + __qualname__ = 'NamedInt' + def __new__(cls, *args): + _args = args + name, args = args[0], args[1:] + if len(args) == 0: + raise TypeError("name and value must be specified") + self = int.__new__(cls, *args) + self._intname = name + self._args = _args + return self + @property + def __name__(self): + return self._intname + def __repr__(self): + # repr() is updated to include the name and type info + return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__, + self.__name__, + int.__repr__(self)) + def __str__(self): + # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback + base = int + base_str = base.__str__ + if base_str.__objclass__ is object: + return base.__repr__(self) + return base_str(self) + # for simplicity, we only define one operator that + # propagates expressions + def __add__(self, other): + temp = int(self) + int( other) + if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt): + return NamedInt( + '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__), + temp ) + else: + return temp + + class NEI(NamedInt, Enum): + __qualname__ = 'NEI' + x = ('the-x', 1) + y = ('the-y', 2) + def __reduce_ex__(self, proto): + return getattr, (self.__class__, self._name_) + + self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__) + self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)") + globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt + globals()['NEI'] = NEI + NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5) + self.assertEqual(NI5, 5) + self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y) + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI) + + def test_tuple_subclass(self): + class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum): + __qualname__ = 'SomeTuple' + first = (1, 'for the money') + second = (2, 'for the show') + third = (3, 'for the music') + self.assertTrue(type(SomeTuple.first) is SomeTuple) + self.assertTrue(isinstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple)) + self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music')) + globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple + test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, SomeTuple.first) + + def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self): + class AutoNumber(Enum): + __order__ = 'enum_m enum_d enum_y' + enum_m = () + enum_d = () + enum_y = () + def __new__(cls): + value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 + obj = object.__new__(cls) + obj._value_ = value + return obj + def __int__(self): + return int(self._value_) + self.assertEqual(int(AutoNumber.enum_d), 2) + self.assertEqual(AutoNumber.enum_y.value, 3) + self.assertTrue(AutoNumber(1) is AutoNumber.enum_m) + self.assertEqual( + list(AutoNumber), + [AutoNumber.enum_m, AutoNumber.enum_d, AutoNumber.enum_y], + ) + + def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self): + class AutoNumber2(Enum): + def __new__(cls): + value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 + obj = object.__new__(cls) + obj._value_ = value + return obj + def __int__(self): + return int(self._value_) + class Color(AutoNumber2): + __order__ = 'red green blue' + red = () + green = () + blue = () + self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3)) + self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue]) + if pyver >= 3.0: + self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3]) + + def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self): + class AutoNumber3(IntEnum): + def __new__(cls): + value = len(cls.__members__) + 1 + obj = int.__new__(cls, value) + obj._value_ = value + return obj + class Color(AutoNumber3): + red = () + green = () + blue = () + self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3)) + Color.red + Color.green + Color.blue + + def test_ordered_mixin(self): + class OrderedEnum(Enum): + def __ge__(self, other): + if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + return self._value_ >= other._value_ + return NotImplemented + def __gt__(self, other): + if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + return self._value_ > other._value_ + return NotImplemented + def __le__(self, other): + if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + return self._value_ <= other._value_ + return NotImplemented + def __lt__(self, other): + if self.__class__ is other.__class__: + return self._value_ < other._value_ + return NotImplemented + class Grade(OrderedEnum): + __order__ = 'A B C D F' + A = 5 + B = 4 + C = 3 + D = 2 + F = 1 + self.assertEqual(list(Grade), [Grade.A, Grade.B, Grade.C, Grade.D, Grade.F]) + self.assertTrue(Grade.A > Grade.B) + self.assertTrue(Grade.F <= Grade.C) + self.assertTrue(Grade.D < Grade.A) + self.assertTrue(Grade.B >= Grade.B) + + def test_extending2(self): + def bad_extension(): + class Shade(Enum): + def shade(self): + print(self.name) + class Color(Shade): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + class MoreColor(Color): + cyan = 4 + magenta = 5 + yellow = 6 + self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension) + + def test_extending3(self): + class Shade(Enum): + def shade(self): + return self.name + class Color(Shade): + def hex(self): + return '%s hexlified!' % self.value + class MoreColor(Color): + cyan = 4 + magenta = 5 + yellow = 6 + self.assertEqual(MoreColor.magenta.hex(), '5 hexlified!') + + def test_no_duplicates(self): + def bad_duplicates(): + class UniqueEnum(Enum): + def __init__(self, *args): + cls = self.__class__ + if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls): + a = self.name + e = cls(self.value).name + raise ValueError( + "aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum: %r --> %r" + % (a, e) + ) + class Color(UniqueEnum): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + class Color(UniqueEnum): + red = 1 + green = 2 + blue = 3 + grene = 2 + self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad_duplicates) + + def test_reversed(self): + self.assertEqual( + list(reversed(self.Season)), + [self.Season.WINTER, self.Season.AUTUMN, self.Season.SUMMER, + self.Season.SPRING] + ) + + def test_init(self): + class Planet(Enum): + MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6) + VENUS = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6) + EARTH = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6) + MARS = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6) + JUPITER = (1.9e+27, 7.1492e7) + SATURN = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7) + URANUS = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7) + NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7) + def __init__(self, mass, radius): + self.mass = mass # in kilograms + self.radius = radius # in meters + @property + def surface_gravity(self): + # universal gravitational constant (m3 kg-1 s-2) + G = 6.67300E-11 + return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius) + self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80) + self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)) + + def test_nonhash_value(self): + class AutoNumberInAList(Enum): + def __new__(cls): + value = [len(cls.__members__) + 1] + obj = object.__new__(cls) + obj._value_ = value + return obj + class ColorInAList(AutoNumberInAList): + __order__ = 'red green blue' + red = () + green = () + blue = () + self.assertEqual(list(ColorInAList), [ColorInAList.red, ColorInAList.green, ColorInAList.blue]) + self.assertEqual(ColorInAList.red.value, [1]) + self.assertEqual(ColorInAList([1]), ColorInAList.red) + + def test_conflicting_types_resolved_in_new(self): + class LabelledIntEnum(int, Enum): + def __new__(cls, *args): + value, label = args + obj = int.__new__(cls, value) + obj.label = label + obj._value_ = value + return obj + + class LabelledList(LabelledIntEnum): + unprocessed = (1, "Unprocessed") + payment_complete = (2, "Payment Complete") + + self.assertEqual(list(LabelledList), [LabelledList.unprocessed, LabelledList.payment_complete]) + self.assertEqual(LabelledList.unprocessed, 1) + self.assertEqual(LabelledList(1), LabelledList.unprocessed) + +class TestUnique(unittest.TestCase): + """2.4 doesn't allow class decorators, use function syntax.""" + + def test_unique_clean(self): + class Clean(Enum): + one = 1 + two = 'dos' + tres = 4.0 + unique(Clean) + class Cleaner(IntEnum): + single = 1 + double = 2 + triple = 3 + unique(Cleaner) + + def test_unique_dirty(self): + try: + class Dirty(Enum): + __order__ = 'one two tres' + one = 1 + two = 'dos' + tres = 1 + unique(Dirty) + except ValueError: + exc = sys.exc_info()[1] + message = exc.args[0] + self.assertTrue('tres -> one' in message) + + try: + class Dirtier(IntEnum): + __order__ = 'single double triple turkey' + single = 1 + double = 1 + triple = 3 + turkey = 3 + unique(Dirtier) + except ValueError: + exc = sys.exc_info()[1] + message = exc.args[0] + self.assertTrue('double -> single' in message) + self.assertTrue('turkey -> triple' in message) + + +class TestMe(unittest.TestCase): + + pass + +if __name__ == '__main__': + unittest.main() diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba5c36d --- /dev/null +++ b/setup.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +import os +import sys +from distutils.core import setup + +if sys.version_info[:2] < (2, 7): + required = ['ordereddict'] +else: + required = [] + +long_desc = open('enum/doc/enum.rst').read() + +setup( name='enum34', + version='1.0', + url='https://pypi.python.org/pypi/enum34', + packages=['enum'], + package_data={ + 'enum' : [ + 'LICENSE', + 'README', + 'doc/enum.rst', + 'doc/enum.pdf', + 'test_enum.py', + ] + }, + license='BSD License', + description='Python 3.4 Enum backported to 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, and 2.4', + long_description=long_desc, + provides=['enum'], + install_requires=required, + author='Ethan Furman', + author_email='ethan@stoneleaf.us', + classifiers=[ + 'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable', + 'Intended Audience :: Developers', + 'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License', + 'Programming Language :: Python', + 'Topic :: Software Development', + 'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.4', + 'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.5', + 'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.6', + 'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7', + 'Programming Language :: Python :: 3', + ], + ) -- cgit v1.2.1