""" Many-to-one relationships To define a many-to-one relationship, use ``ForeignKey()``. """ from django.db import models class Reporter(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30) email = models.EmailField() def __str__(self): return "%s %s" % (self.first_name, self.last_name) class Article(models.Model): headline = models.CharField(max_length=100) pub_date = models.DateField() reporter = models.ForeignKey(Reporter, models.CASCADE) class Meta: ordering = ("headline",) def __str__(self): return self.headline class Country(models.Model): id = models.SmallAutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=50) class City(models.Model): id = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True) country = models.ForeignKey( Country, models.CASCADE, related_name="cities", null=True ) name = models.CharField(max_length=50) class District(models.Model): city = models.ForeignKey(City, models.CASCADE, related_name="districts", null=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=50) def __str__(self): return self.name # If ticket #1578 ever slips back in, these models will not be able to be # created (the field names being lowercased versions of their opposite classes # is important here). class First(models.Model): second = models.IntegerField() class Second(models.Model): first = models.ForeignKey(First, models.CASCADE, related_name="the_first") # Protect against repetition of #1839, #2415 and #2536. class Third(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20) third = models.ForeignKey( "self", models.SET_NULL, null=True, related_name="child_set" ) class Parent(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True) bestchild = models.ForeignKey( "Child", models.SET_NULL, null=True, related_name="favored_by" ) class ParentStringPrimaryKey(models.Model): name = models.CharField(primary_key=True, max_length=15) class Child(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20) parent = models.ForeignKey(Parent, models.CASCADE) class ChildNullableParent(models.Model): parent = models.ForeignKey(Parent, models.CASCADE, null=True) class ChildStringPrimaryKeyParent(models.Model): parent = models.ForeignKey(ParentStringPrimaryKey, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class ToFieldChild(models.Model): parent = models.ForeignKey( Parent, models.CASCADE, to_field="name", related_name="to_field_children" ) # Multiple paths to the same model (#7110, #7125) class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20) def __str__(self): return self.name class Record(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(Category, models.CASCADE) class Relation(models.Model): left = models.ForeignKey(Record, models.CASCADE, related_name="left_set") right = models.ForeignKey(Record, models.CASCADE, related_name="right_set") def __str__(self): return "%s - %s" % (self.left.category.name, self.right.category.name) # Test related objects visibility. class SchoolManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super().get_queryset().filter(is_public=True) class School(models.Model): is_public = models.BooleanField(default=False) objects = SchoolManager() class Student(models.Model): school = models.ForeignKey(School, models.CASCADE)