Originally there was an infinite loop issue that was patched in issue
#308.  Unfortunately, it was fixed all the way.  This fix patches the
infinite loop fix to only add an offset to the `right_listindex` when
it is in a infinite loop scenario.

The logic for the current regex for strong/em and em/strong was sound,
but the way it was implemented caused some unintended side effects.
Whether it is a quirk with regex in general or just with Python’s re
engine, I am not sure.  Put basically `(\*|_){3}`  causes issues with
nested bold/italic. So, allowing the group to be defined, and then
using the group number to specify the remaining sequential chars is a
better way that works more reliably `(\*|_)\2{2}.  Test from issue #365
was also added to check for this case in the future.

Fixes #361.

This issue was discovered when dealing with nested inlines.  In
treeprocessors.py it was incorrectly handling tails.  In short, tail
elements were being inserted earlier than they were supposed to be.

In order to fix this, the insertion index should be incremented by 1 so
that when the tails are inserted into the parent, they will be just
after the child they came from.

Also added a test in nested-patterns to catch this issue.

Fixes #253. Thanks to @facelessuser for the tests. Although I removed
a bunch of weird ones (even some that passed) from his PR (#342). For
the most part, there is no definitive way for those to be parsed. So
there is no point of testing for them. In most of those situations,
authors should be mixing underscores and astericks so it is clear
what is intended.

See #253. Prior to this patch, if any inline processors returned an element
with a tail, the tail would end up empty. This resolves that issue and will
allow for #253 to be fixed. Thanks to @facelessuser for the work on this.

As we chnaged the order in import trys for short names extensions
(no dot syntax), an extra test was added to the import code for the
occassion when a naming conflict exists. For example, if PyTables
is installed (module name is tables) and the user tries to use
the short name 'tables' instead of 'markdown.extensions.tables'.
Fixes #341.

Of course, this code will get ripped out when the old behavior is
fully deprecated.

The new option parser assumes bool values if the default is bool or
None. As the "title" option is not a bool value, it should default to an
empty string rather than None. Fixes #347.

Fixes #340. The "inline" TreeProcessor runs before the "prettify"
TreeProcessor, but the "smarty" TreeProcessor (wich is just another
instance of `InlineProcessor`) runs after the "prettify" TreeProcessor.
The problem was that the "prettify" TreeProcessor was losing the
AtomicString quality of the text of code blocks (any operation
on a string creates a new string. When that string is an AtomicString,
the new string must explicitly be declared as an AtomicString.
As the "prettify" TreeProcessor cleans up newlines on code blocks,
it was changing the AtomicString to a normal string. And as
`InlineProcessor` identifies what elements to skip solely by whether
the text is an AtomicString, the "smarty" instance was running on
code blocks.

Importantly, I added a test of code blocks and spans for smarty,
so this shouldn't break again.

The builtin extensions will no longer get special treatment and have
the path ("markdown.extensions.") appended . The same applies for
"mdx_" extensions. All names extension must provide the full path.
Fixes #336.

Also deprecating support for passing in extension config settings
as part of the string name. The extension_configs keyword should
be used instead. Fixes #335.

Also raising PendingDeprecationWarnings for positional args or the
"config" keyword on the Extension Class. Pass each setting as a
seperate keyword instead.

Docs and tests are updated. Still need to update extension API docs.