package open;
use Carp;
$open::hint_bits = 0x20000;

our $VERSION = '1.01';

my $locale_encoding;

sub in_locale { $^H & $locale::hint_bits }

sub _get_locale_encoding {
    unless (defined $locale_encoding) {
	eval {
	    # I18N::Langinfo isn't available everywhere
	    require I18N::Langinfo;
	    I18N::Langinfo->import('langinfo', 'CODESET');
	};
	unless ($@) {
	    $locale_encoding = langinfo(CODESET());
	}
	my $country_language;
        if (not $locale_encoding && in_locale()) {
	    if ($ENV{LC_ALL} =~ /^([^.]+)\.([^.]+)$/) {
		($country_language, $locale_encoding) = ($1, $2);
	    } elsif ($ENV{LANG} =~ /^([^.]+)\.([^.]+)$/) {
		($country_language, $locale_encoding) = ($1, $2);
	    }
	} else {
	    # Could do heuristics based on the country and language
	    # parts of LC_ALL and LANG (the parts before the dot (if any)),
	    # since we have Locale::Country and Locale::Language available.
	    # TODO: get a database of Language -> Encoding mappings
	    # (the Estonian database at http://www.eki.ee/letter/
	    # would be excellent!) --jhi
	}
	if (defined $locale_encoding &&
	    $locale_encoding eq 'euc' &&
	    defined $country_language) {
	    if ($country_language =~ /^ja_JP|japan(?:ese)?$/i) {
		$locale_encoding = 'eucjp';
	    } elsif ($country_language =~ /^ko_KR|korean?$/i) {
		$locale_encoding = 'euckr';
	    } elsif ($country_language =~ /^zh_TW|taiwan(?:ese)?$/i) {
		$locale_encoding = 'euctw';
	    }
	    croak "Locale encoding 'euc' too ambiguous"
		if $locale_encoding eq 'euc';
	}
    }
}

sub import {
    my ($class,@args) = @_;
    croak("`use open' needs explicit list of disciplines") unless @args;
    $^H |= $open::hint_bits;
    my ($in,$out) = split(/\0/,(${^OPEN} || "\0"), -1);
    while (@args) {
	my $type = shift(@args);
	my $discp = shift(@args);
	my @val;
	foreach my $layer (split(/\s+/,$discp)) {
            $layer =~ s/^://;
	    if ($layer eq 'locale') {
		use Encode;
		_get_locale_encoding()
		    unless defined $locale_encoding;
		croak "Cannot figure out an encoding to use"
		    unless defined $locale_encoding;
		if ($locale_encoding =~ /^utf-?8$/i) {
		    $layer = "utf8";
		} else {
		    $layer = "encoding($locale_encoding)";
		}
	    } else {
		unless(PerlIO::Layer::->find($layer)) {
		    carp("Unknown discipline layer '$layer'");
		}
	    }
	    push(@val,":$layer");
	    if ($layer =~ /^(crlf|raw)$/) {
		$^H{"open_$type"} = $layer;
	    }
	}
	# print "# type = $type, val = @val\n";
	if ($type eq 'IN') {
	    $in  = join(' ',@val);
	}
	elsif ($type eq 'OUT') {
	    $out = join(' ',@val);
	}
	elsif ($type eq 'INOUT') {
	    $in = $out = join(' ',@val);
	}
	else {
	    croak "Unknown discipline class '$type'";
	}
    }
    ${^OPEN} = join('\0',$in,$out);
}

1;
__END__

=head1 NAME

open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use open IN => ":crlf", OUT => ":raw";
    use open INOUT => ":utf8";

=head1 DESCRIPTION

Full-fledged support for I/O disciplines is now implemented provided
Perl is configured to use PerlIO as its IO system (which is now the
default).

The C<open> pragma serves as one of the interfaces to declare default
"layers" (aka disciplines) for all I/O.

The C<open> pragma is used to declare one or more default layers for
I/O operations.  Any open(), readpipe() (aka qx//) and similar
operators found within the lexical scope of this pragma will use the
declared defaults.

When open() is given an explicit list of layers they are appended to
the list declared using this pragma.

Directory handles may also support disciplines in future.

=head1 NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY

If Perl is not built to use PerlIO as its IO system then only the two
pseudo-disciplines ":raw" and ":crlf" are available.

The ":raw" discipline corresponds to "binary mode" and the ":crlf"
discipline corresponds to "text mode" on platforms that distinguish
between the two modes when opening files (which is many DOS-like
platforms, including Windows).  These two disciplines are no-ops on
platforms where binmode() is a no-op, but perform their functions
everywhere if PerlIO is enabled.

=head1 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

There is a class method in C<PerlIO::Layer> C<find> which is
implemented as XS code.  It is called by C<import> to validate the
layers:

   PerlIO::Layer::->find("perlio")

The return value (if defined) is a Perl object, of class
C<PerlIO::Layer> which is created by the C code in F<perlio.c>.  As
yet there is nothing useful you can do with the object at the perl
level.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<perlfunc/"binmode">, L<perlfunc/"open">, L<perlunicode>, L<PerlIO>

=cut