- Changed ER(ER_...) to ER_THD(thd, ER_...) when thd was known or if there was many calls to current_thd in the same function.
- Changed ER(ER_..) to ER_THD_OR_DEFAULT(current_thd, ER...) in some places where current_thd is not necessary defined.
- Removing calls to current_thd when we have access to thd

Part of this is optimization (not calling current_thd when not needed),
but part is bug fixing for error condition when current_thd is not defined
(For example on startup and end of mysqld)

Notable renames done as otherwise a lot of functions would have to be changed:
- In JOIN structure renamed:
   examined_rows -> join_examined_rows
   record_count -> join_record_count
- In Field, renamed new_field() to make_new_field()

Other things:
- Added DBUG_ASSERT(thd == tmp_thd) in Item_singlerow_subselect() just to be safe.
- Removed old 'tab' prefix in JOIN_TAB::save_explain_data() and use members directly
- Added 'thd' as argument to a few functions to avoid calling current_thd.

TDC_element::free_tables_back() had pre-lfhash leftover code, which referenced
TDC_element::free_tables via TDC_element::share. This is not correct as share
may be NULL (newly inserted or to be removed), instead access free_tables
directly.

Various fixes to let MariaDB compile with performance schema disabled.

Let TABLE_SHARE::tdc.free_tables, TABLE_SHARE::tdc.all_tables,
TABLE_SHARE::tdc.flushed and corresponding invariants be protected by
per-share TABLE_SHARE::tdc.LOCK_table_share instead of global LOCK_open.

Reduced number of my_hash_sort_bin() calls from 4 to 1 per query.
Reduced number of memory accesses done by my_hash_sort_bin().

Details:
- let MDL subsystem use pre-calculated hash value for hash
  inserts and deletes
- let table cache use pre-calculated MDL hash value
- MDL namespace is excluded from hash value calculation, so that
  hash value can be used by table cache as is
- hash value for MDL is calculated as resulting hash value + MDL
  namespace
- extended hash implementation to accept user defined hash function

Move TABLE::in_use out of LOCK_open.

This is done with assumtion that foreign threads accessing TABLE::in_use
will only need consistent value _after_ marking table for flush and purging
unused table instances. In this case TABLE::in_use will always point to a
valid thread object.

Previously FLUSH TABLES thread may wait for tables flushed subsequently by
concurrent threads which breaks the above assumption, e.g.:
open tables: t1 (version= 1)
thr1 (FLUSH TABLES): refresh_version++
thr1 (FLUSH TABLES): purge table cache
open tables: none
thr2 (SELECT * FROM t1): open tables: t1
open tables: t1 (version= 2)
thr2 (FLUSH TABLES): refresh_version++
thr2 (FLUSH TABLES): purge table cache
thr1 (FLUSH TABLES): wait for old tables (including t1 with version 2)

It is fixed so that FLUSH TABLES waits only for tables that were open
heretofore.

Removed unused_tables, find LRU object by timestamp instead.

Following variables do not require LOCK_open protection anymore:
- table_def_cache (renamed to tdc_hash) is protected by rw-lock
  LOCK_tdc_hash;
- table_def_shutdown_in_progress doesn't need LOCK_open protection;
- last_table_id use atomics;
- TABLE_SHARE::ref_count (renamed to TABLE_SHARE::tdc.ref_count)
  is protected by TABLE_SHARE::tdc.LOCK_table_share;
- TABLE_SHARE::next, ::prev (renamed to tdc.next and tdc.prev),
  oldest_unused_share, end_of_unused_share are protected by
  LOCK_unused_shares;
- TABLE_SHARE::m_flush_tickets (renamed to tdc.m_flush_tickets)
  is protected by TABLE_SHARE::tdc.LOCK_table_share;
- refresh_version (renamed to tdc_version) use atomics.