libgit2 has two distinct requirements that were previously solved by
`git_buf`.  We require:

1. A general purpose string class that provides a number of utility APIs
   for manipulating data (eg, concatenating, truncating, etc).
2. A structure that we can use to return strings to callers that they
   can take ownership of.

By using a single class (`git_buf`) for both of these purposes, we have
confused the API to the point that refactorings are difficult and
reasoning about correctness is also difficult.

Move the utility class `git_buf` to be called `git_str`: this represents
its general purpose, as an internal string buffer class.  The name also
is an homage to Junio Hamano ("gitstr").

The public API remains `git_buf`, and has a much smaller footprint.  It
is generally only used as an "out" param with strict requirements that
follow the documentation.  (Exceptions exist for some legacy APIs to
avoid breaking callers unnecessarily.)

Utility functions exist to convert a user-specified `git_buf` to a
`git_str` so that we can call internal functions, then converting it
back again.

We _dispose_ the contents of objects; we _free_ objects (and their
contents).  Update `git_strarray_free` to be `git_strarray_dispose`.
`git_strarray_free` remains as a deprecated proxy function.

When setting up relative URLs for a submodule, then we resolve it to
the actual location and write that into ".git/config" instead of
writing the relative value. We do not yet have a test to nail down this
behaviour, which is now being added by this commit.

Add two more tests that verify our behaviour in some edge cases, notably
when cloning into a non-empty directory and when cloning the same
submodule twice.

The test submodule::add::submodule_clone doesn't use a sandbox, and thus
the created repo will not get deleted after the test has finished.
Convert the test to use the empty standard repo sandbox instead to fix
this.

The test submodule::add::homemade_clone unfortunately doesn't test
what's expected, but does instead clone the submodule to a directory
that is outside of the parent repository. Fixing this by cloning to the
correct location isn't possible, though, as `git_submodule_add_setup`
will have pre-created a ".git" file already, which will cause
`git_clone` to error out.

As it's not possible to perform the clone without fiddling around with
the repo's layout, let's just remove this test as that is in fact what
the new `git_submodule_clone` function is for.