When a .gitignore specifies some folder "foo/", ensure that a file
with the same name "foo" is not ignored.

Ensure that when examining a .gitignore in a subdirectory, we do not
erroneously apply the paths contained therein to the root of the
repository.  (Fixed in c02a0e4).

Minimizing the number directory and file opens, minimizes the amount of IO thus reducing the overall cost of performing ignore operations.

When using a bare repo with an index, libgit2 attempts to read
files from the index.  It caches those files based on the path
to the file, specifically the path to the directory that contains
the file.

If there is no working directory, we use `git_path_dirname_r` to
get the path to the containing directory.  However, for the
`.gitattributes` file in the root of the repository, this ends up
normalizing the containing path to `"."` instead of the empty
string and the lookup the `.gitattributes` data fails.

This adds a test of attribute lookups on bare repos and also
fixes the problem by simply rewriting `"."` to be `""`.

Trying to find other issues where tests may not clean up quite
properly when they are through...

There are a few tests that set up a fake home directory and a
fake GLOBAL search path so that we can test things in global
ignore or attribute or config files.  This cleans up that code to
work more robustly even if there is a test failure.  This also
fixes some valgrind warnings where scanning search paths for
separators could end up doing a little bit of sketchy data access
when coming to the end of search list.