Files in status will, be default, be sorted according to the case
insensitivity of the filesystem that we're running on.  However,
in some cases, this is not desirable.  Even on case insensitive
file systems, 'git status' at the command line will generally use
a case sensitive sort (like 'ls').  Some GUIs prefer to display a
list of file case insensitively even on case-sensitive platforms.

This adds two new flags: GIT_STATUS_OPT_SORT_CASE_SENSITIVELY
and GIT_STATUS_OPT_SORT_CASE_INSENSITIVELY that will override the
default sort order of the status output and give the user control.
This includes tests for exercising these new options and makes
the examples/status.c program emulate core Git and always use a
case sensitive sort.

This fixes some missed places where we can apply const-ness to
various public APIs.

There are still some index and tree APIs that cannot take const
pointers because we sort our `git_vectors` lazily and so we can't
reliably bsearch the index and tree content without applying a
`git_vector_sort()` first.

This also fixes some missed places where size_t can be used and
where const can be applied to a couple internal functions.

The index iterator could previously only be created from a repo
object, but this allows creating an iterator from a `git_index`
object instead (while keeping, though renaming, the old function).

Initial implementation of diff rename detection

This improves the naming for the rename related functionality
moving it to be called `git_diff_find_similar()` and renaming
all the associated constants, etc. to make more sense.

I also moved the new code (plus the existing `git_diff_merge`)
into a new file `diff_tform.c` where I can put new functions
related to manipulating git diff lists.

This also updates the implementation significantly from the
last revision fixing some ordering issues (where break-rewrite
needs to be handled prior to copy and rename detection) and
improving config option handling.