libgit2 has two distinct requirements that were previously solved by
`git_buf`.  We require:

1. A general purpose string class that provides a number of utility APIs
   for manipulating data (eg, concatenating, truncating, etc).
2. A structure that we can use to return strings to callers that they
   can take ownership of.

By using a single class (`git_buf`) for both of these purposes, we have
confused the API to the point that refactorings are difficult and
reasoning about correctness is also difficult.

Move the utility class `git_buf` to be called `git_str`: this represents
its general purpose, as an internal string buffer class.  The name also
is an homage to Junio Hamano ("gitstr").

The public API remains `git_buf`, and has a much smaller footprint.  It
is generally only used as an "out" param with strict requirements that
follow the documentation.  (Exceptions exist for some legacy APIs to
avoid breaking callers unnecessarily.)

Utility functions exist to convert a user-specified `git_buf` to a
`git_str` so that we can call internal functions, then converting it
back again.

Clarify the `git_atomic` type and functions now that we have a 64 bit
version as well (`git_atomic64`).

We avoid abbreviations where possible; rename git_cred to
git_credential.

In addition, we have standardized on a trailing `_t` for enum types,
instead of using "type" in the name.  So `git_credtype_t` has become
`git_credential_t` and its members have become `GIT_CREDENTIAL` instead
of `GIT_CREDTYPE`.

Finally, the source and header files have been renamed to `credential`
instead of `cred`.

Keep previous name and values as deprecated, and include the new header
files from the previous ones.

Update internal usage of `git_transfer_progress` to
`git_indexer_progreses`.

The parameters of the `git_pkt_parse_line` function are quite confusing.
First, there is no real indicator what the `out` parameter is actually
all about, and it's not really clear what the `bufflen` parameter refers
to. Reorder and rename the parameters to make this more obvious.

When parsing data, progress or error packets, we need to copy the
contents of the rest of the current packet line into the flex-array of
the parsed packet. To keep track of this array's length, we then assign
the remaining length of the packet line to the structure. We do have a
mismatch of types here, as the structure's `len` field is a signed
integer, while the length that we are assigning has type `size_t`.

On nearly all platforms, this shouldn't pose any problems at all. The
line length can at most be 16^4, as the line's length is being encoded
by exactly four hex digits. But on a platforms with 16 bit integers,
this assignment could cause an overflow. While such platforms will
probably only exist in the embedded ecosystem, we still want to avoid
this potential overflow. Thus, we now simply change the structure's
`len` member to be of type `size_t` to avoid any integer promotion.