Update the global variables `LIBGIT2_OBJECTS` to
`LIBGIT2_DEPENDENCY_OBJECTS` for clarity and consistency.

Introduce `git_fs_path`, which operates on generic filesystem paths.
`git_path` will be kept for only git-specific path functionality (for
example, checking for `.git` in a path).

in #6083 the test runner was renamed to libgit2_tests,
but not all references to the old name were updated.
this change changes all of them to use the new name.

Ensure that we always use lowercase function names, and that we do not
have spaces preceding open parentheses, for consistency.

Nobody knows what CLAR is.  The test building option should be
`BUILD_TESTS`.

libgit2 has two distinct requirements that were previously solved by
`git_buf`.  We require:

1. A general purpose string class that provides a number of utility APIs
   for manipulating data (eg, concatenating, truncating, etc).
2. A structure that we can use to return strings to callers that they
   can take ownership of.

By using a single class (`git_buf`) for both of these purposes, we have
confused the API to the point that refactorings are difficult and
reasoning about correctness is also difficult.

Move the utility class `git_buf` to be called `git_str`: this represents
its general purpose, as an internal string buffer class.  The name also
is an homage to Junio Hamano ("gitstr").

The public API remains `git_buf`, and has a much smaller footprint.  It
is generally only used as an "out" param with strict requirements that
follow the documentation.  (Exceptions exist for some legacy APIs to
avoid breaking callers unnecessarily.)

Utility functions exist to convert a user-specified `git_buf` to a
`git_str` so that we can call internal functions, then converting it
back again.