Threading can now be disabled with `USE_THREADS=OFF` instead of
`THREADSAFE=OFF` to better support the other cmake semantics.

Nanosecond support is the default _if_ we can detect it.  This should be
our default always - like threads - and people can opt out explicitly.

Teach `git_path_is_valid` to respect `core.longpaths`.  Add helper
methods to validate length and set the error message appropriately.

Add a `git_str` based validity check; the existing `git_path_is_valid`
defers to it.

Provide a mechanism for users to limit the number of characters that are
examined; `git_fs_path_str_is_valid` and friends will only examine up to
`str->size` bytes.

`git_fs_path_is_valid` delegates to these new functions by passing
`SIZE_MAX` (instead of doing a `strlen`), which is a sentinel value
meaning "look for a NUL terminator".