// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. package runtime // This file contains the implementation of Go select statements. import ( "runtime/internal/sys" "unsafe" ) const ( debugSelect = false // scase.kind caseRecv = iota caseSend caseDefault ) // Select statement header. // Known to compiler. // Changes here must also be made in src/cmd/internal/gc/select.go's selecttype. type hselect struct { tcase uint16 // total count of scase[] ncase uint16 // currently filled scase[] pollorder *uint16 // case poll order lockorder **hchan // channel lock order scase [1]scase // one per case (in order of appearance) } // Select case descriptor. // Known to compiler. // Changes here must also be made in src/cmd/internal/gc/select.go's selecttype. type scase struct { elem unsafe.Pointer // data element c *hchan // chan pc uintptr // return pc kind uint16 so uint16 // vararg of selected bool receivedp *bool // pointer to received bool (recv2) releasetime int64 } var ( chansendpc = funcPC(chansend) chanrecvpc = funcPC(chanrecv) ) func selectsize(size uintptr) uintptr { selsize := unsafe.Sizeof(hselect{}) + (size-1)*unsafe.Sizeof(hselect{}.scase[0]) + size*unsafe.Sizeof(*hselect{}.lockorder) + size*unsafe.Sizeof(*hselect{}.pollorder) return round(selsize, sys.Int64Align) } func newselect(sel *hselect, selsize int64, size int32) { if selsize != int64(selectsize(uintptr(size))) { print("runtime: bad select size ", selsize, ", want ", selectsize(uintptr(size)), "\n") throw("bad select size") } sel.tcase = uint16(size) sel.ncase = 0 sel.lockorder = (**hchan)(add(unsafe.Pointer(&sel.scase), uintptr(size)*unsafe.Sizeof(hselect{}.scase[0]))) sel.pollorder = (*uint16)(add(unsafe.Pointer(sel.lockorder), uintptr(size)*unsafe.Sizeof(*hselect{}.lockorder))) if debugSelect { print("newselect s=", sel, " size=", size, "\n") } } //go:nosplit func selectsend(sel *hselect, c *hchan, elem unsafe.Pointer) (selected bool) { // nil cases do not compete if c != nil { selectsendImpl(sel, c, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&sel)), elem, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&selected))-uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&sel))) } return } // cut in half to give stack a chance to split func selectsendImpl(sel *hselect, c *hchan, pc uintptr, elem unsafe.Pointer, so uintptr) { i := sel.ncase if i >= sel.tcase { throw("selectsend: too many cases") } sel.ncase = i + 1 cas := (*scase)(add(unsafe.Pointer(&sel.scase), uintptr(i)*unsafe.Sizeof(sel.scase[0]))) cas.pc = pc cas.c = c cas.so = uint16(so) cas.kind = caseSend cas.elem = elem if debugSelect { print("selectsend s=", sel, " pc=", hex(cas.pc), " chan=", cas.c, " so=", cas.so, "\n") } } //go:nosplit func selectrecv(sel *hselect, c *hchan, elem unsafe.Pointer) (selected bool) { // nil cases do not compete if c != nil { selectrecvImpl(sel, c, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&sel)), elem, nil, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&selected))-uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&sel))) } return } //go:nosplit func selectrecv2(sel *hselect, c *hchan, elem unsafe.Pointer, received *bool) (selected bool) { // nil cases do not compete if c != nil { selectrecvImpl(sel, c, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&sel)), elem, received, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&selected))-uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&sel))) } return } func selectrecvImpl(sel *hselect, c *hchan, pc uintptr, elem unsafe.Pointer, received *bool, so uintptr) { i := sel.ncase if i >= sel.tcase { throw("selectrecv: too many cases") } sel.ncase = i + 1 cas := (*scase)(add(unsafe.Pointer(&sel.scase), uintptr(i)*unsafe.Sizeof(sel.scase[0]))) cas.pc = pc cas.c = c cas.so = uint16(so) cas.kind = caseRecv cas.elem = elem cas.receivedp = received if debugSelect { print("selectrecv s=", sel, " pc=", hex(cas.pc), " chan=", cas.c, " so=", cas.so, "\n") } } //go:nosplit func selectdefault(sel *hselect) (selected bool) { selectdefaultImpl(sel, getcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&sel)), uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&selected))-uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&sel))) return } func selectdefaultImpl(sel *hselect, callerpc uintptr, so uintptr) { i := sel.ncase if i >= sel.tcase { throw("selectdefault: too many cases") } sel.ncase = i + 1 cas := (*scase)(add(unsafe.Pointer(&sel.scase), uintptr(i)*unsafe.Sizeof(sel.scase[0]))) cas.pc = callerpc cas.c = nil cas.so = uint16(so) cas.kind = caseDefault if debugSelect { print("selectdefault s=", sel, " pc=", hex(cas.pc), " so=", cas.so, "\n") } } func sellock(sel *hselect) { lockslice := slice{unsafe.Pointer(sel.lockorder), int(sel.ncase), int(sel.ncase)} lockorder := *(*[]*hchan)(unsafe.Pointer(&lockslice)) var c *hchan for _, c0 := range lockorder { if c0 != nil && c0 != c { c = c0 lock(&c.lock) } } } func selunlock(sel *hselect) { // We must be very careful here to not touch sel after we have unlocked // the last lock, because sel can be freed right after the last unlock. // Consider the following situation. // First M calls runtime·park() in runtime·selectgo() passing the sel. // Once runtime·park() has unlocked the last lock, another M makes // the G that calls select runnable again and schedules it for execution. // When the G runs on another M, it locks all the locks and frees sel. // Now if the first M touches sel, it will access freed memory. n := int(sel.ncase) r := 0 lockslice := slice{unsafe.Pointer(sel.lockorder), n, n} lockorder := *(*[]*hchan)(unsafe.Pointer(&lockslice)) // skip the default case if n > 0 && lockorder[0] == nil { r = 1 } for i := n - 1; i >= r; i-- { c := lockorder[i] if i > 0 && c == lockorder[i-1] { continue // will unlock it on the next iteration } unlock(&c.lock) } } func selparkcommit(gp *g, sel unsafe.Pointer) bool { selunlock((*hselect)(sel)) return true } func block() { gopark(nil, nil, "select (no cases)", traceEvGoStop, 1) // forever } // overwrites return pc on stack to signal which case of the select // to run, so cannot appear at the top of a split stack. //go:nosplit func selectgo(sel *hselect) { pc, offset := selectgoImpl(sel) *(*bool)(add(unsafe.Pointer(&sel), uintptr(offset))) = true setcallerpc(unsafe.Pointer(&sel), pc) } // selectgoImpl returns scase.pc and scase.so for the select // case which fired. func selectgoImpl(sel *hselect) (uintptr, uint16) { if debugSelect { print("select: sel=", sel, "\n") } scaseslice := slice{unsafe.Pointer(&sel.scase), int(sel.ncase), int(sel.ncase)} scases := *(*[]scase)(unsafe.Pointer(&scaseslice)) var t0 int64 if blockprofilerate > 0 { t0 = cputicks() for i := 0; i < int(sel.ncase); i++ { scases[i].releasetime = -1 } } // The compiler rewrites selects that statically have // only 0 or 1 cases plus default into simpler constructs. // The only way we can end up with such small sel.ncase // values here is for a larger select in which most channels // have been nilled out. The general code handles those // cases correctly, and they are rare enough not to bother // optimizing (and needing to test). // generate permuted order pollslice := slice{unsafe.Pointer(sel.pollorder), int(sel.ncase), int(sel.ncase)} pollorder := *(*[]uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(&pollslice)) for i := 1; i < int(sel.ncase); i++ { j := int(fastrand1()) % (i + 1) pollorder[i] = pollorder[j] pollorder[j] = uint16(i) } // sort the cases by Hchan address to get the locking order. // simple heap sort, to guarantee n log n time and constant stack footprint. lockslice := slice{unsafe.Pointer(sel.lockorder), int(sel.ncase), int(sel.ncase)} lockorder := *(*[]*hchan)(unsafe.Pointer(&lockslice)) for i := 0; i < int(sel.ncase); i++ { j := i c := scases[j].c for j > 0 && lockorder[(j-1)/2].sortkey() < c.sortkey() { k := (j - 1) / 2 lockorder[j] = lockorder[k] j = k } lockorder[j] = c } for i := int(sel.ncase) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { c := lockorder[i] lockorder[i] = lockorder[0] j := 0 for { k := j*2 + 1 if k >= i { break } if k+1 < i && lockorder[k].sortkey() < lockorder[k+1].sortkey() { k++ } if c.sortkey() < lockorder[k].sortkey() { lockorder[j] = lockorder[k] j = k continue } break } lockorder[j] = c } /* for i := 0; i+1 < int(sel.ncase); i++ { if lockorder[i].sortkey() > lockorder[i+1].sortkey() { print("i=", i, " x=", lockorder[i], " y=", lockorder[i+1], "\n") throw("select: broken sort") } } */ // lock all the channels involved in the select sellock(sel) var ( gp *g done uint32 sg *sudog c *hchan k *scase sglist *sudog sgnext *sudog qp unsafe.Pointer ) loop: // pass 1 - look for something already waiting var dfl *scase var cas *scase for i := 0; i < int(sel.ncase); i++ { cas = &scases[pollorder[i]] c = cas.c switch cas.kind { case caseRecv: sg = c.sendq.dequeue() if sg != nil { goto recv } if c.qcount > 0 { goto bufrecv } if c.closed != 0 { goto rclose } case caseSend: if raceenabled { racereadpc(unsafe.Pointer(c), cas.pc, chansendpc) } if c.closed != 0 { goto sclose } sg = c.recvq.dequeue() if sg != nil { goto send } if c.qcount < c.dataqsiz { goto bufsend } case caseDefault: dfl = cas } } if dfl != nil { selunlock(sel) cas = dfl goto retc } // pass 2 - enqueue on all chans gp = getg() done = 0 if gp.waiting != nil { throw("gp.waiting != nil") } for i := 0; i < int(sel.ncase); i++ { cas = &scases[pollorder[i]] c = cas.c sg := acquireSudog() sg.g = gp // Note: selectdone is adjusted for stack copies in stack1.go:adjustsudogs sg.selectdone = (*uint32)(noescape(unsafe.Pointer(&done))) sg.elem = cas.elem sg.releasetime = 0 if t0 != 0 { sg.releasetime = -1 } sg.waitlink = gp.waiting gp.waiting = sg switch cas.kind { case caseRecv: c.recvq.enqueue(sg) case caseSend: c.sendq.enqueue(sg) } } // wait for someone to wake us up gp.param = nil gopark(selparkcommit, unsafe.Pointer(sel), "select", traceEvGoBlockSelect, 2) // someone woke us up sellock(sel) sg = (*sudog)(gp.param) gp.param = nil // pass 3 - dequeue from unsuccessful chans // otherwise they stack up on quiet channels // record the successful case, if any. // We singly-linked up the SudoGs in case order, so when // iterating through the linked list they are in reverse order. cas = nil sglist = gp.waiting // Clear all elem before unlinking from gp.waiting. for sg1 := gp.waiting; sg1 != nil; sg1 = sg1.waitlink { sg1.selectdone = nil sg1.elem = nil } gp.waiting = nil for i := int(sel.ncase) - 1; i >= 0; i-- { k = &scases[pollorder[i]] if sglist.releasetime > 0 { k.releasetime = sglist.releasetime } if sg == sglist { // sg has already been dequeued by the G that woke us up. cas = k } else { c = k.c if k.kind == caseSend { c.sendq.dequeueSudoG(sglist) } else { c.recvq.dequeueSudoG(sglist) } } sgnext = sglist.waitlink sglist.waitlink = nil releaseSudog(sglist) sglist = sgnext } if cas == nil { // This can happen if we were woken up by a close(). // TODO: figure that out explicitly so we don't need this loop. goto loop } c = cas.c if debugSelect { print("wait-return: sel=", sel, " c=", c, " cas=", cas, " kind=", cas.kind, "\n") } if cas.kind == caseRecv { if cas.receivedp != nil { *cas.receivedp = true } } if raceenabled { if cas.kind == caseRecv && cas.elem != nil { raceWriteObjectPC(c.elemtype, cas.elem, cas.pc, chanrecvpc) } else if cas.kind == caseSend { raceReadObjectPC(c.elemtype, cas.elem, cas.pc, chansendpc) } } if msanenabled { if cas.kind == caseRecv && cas.elem != nil { msanwrite(cas.elem, c.elemtype.size) } else if cas.kind == caseSend { msanread(cas.elem, c.elemtype.size) } } selunlock(sel) goto retc bufrecv: // can receive from buffer if raceenabled { if cas.elem != nil { raceWriteObjectPC(c.elemtype, cas.elem, cas.pc, chanrecvpc) } raceacquire(chanbuf(c, c.recvx)) racerelease(chanbuf(c, c.recvx)) } if msanenabled && cas.elem != nil { msanwrite(cas.elem, c.elemtype.size) } if cas.receivedp != nil { *cas.receivedp = true } qp = chanbuf(c, c.recvx) if cas.elem != nil { typedmemmove(c.elemtype, cas.elem, qp) } memclr(qp, uintptr(c.elemsize)) c.recvx++ if c.recvx == c.dataqsiz { c.recvx = 0 } c.qcount-- selunlock(sel) goto retc bufsend: // can send to buffer if raceenabled { raceacquire(chanbuf(c, c.sendx)) racerelease(chanbuf(c, c.sendx)) raceReadObjectPC(c.elemtype, cas.elem, cas.pc, chansendpc) } if msanenabled { msanread(cas.elem, c.elemtype.size) } typedmemmove(c.elemtype, chanbuf(c, c.sendx), cas.elem) c.sendx++ if c.sendx == c.dataqsiz { c.sendx = 0 } c.qcount++ selunlock(sel) goto retc recv: // can receive from sleeping sender (sg) recv(c, sg, cas.elem, func() { selunlock(sel) }) if debugSelect { print("syncrecv: sel=", sel, " c=", c, "\n") } if cas.receivedp != nil { *cas.receivedp = true } goto retc rclose: // read at end of closed channel selunlock(sel) if cas.receivedp != nil { *cas.receivedp = false } if cas.elem != nil { memclr(cas.elem, uintptr(c.elemsize)) } if raceenabled { raceacquire(unsafe.Pointer(c)) } goto retc send: // can send to a sleeping receiver (sg) if raceenabled { raceReadObjectPC(c.elemtype, cas.elem, cas.pc, chansendpc) } if msanenabled { msanread(cas.elem, c.elemtype.size) } send(c, sg, cas.elem, func() { selunlock(sel) }) if debugSelect { print("syncsend: sel=", sel, " c=", c, "\n") } goto retc retc: if cas.releasetime > 0 { blockevent(cas.releasetime-t0, 2) } return cas.pc, cas.so sclose: // send on closed channel selunlock(sel) panic("send on closed channel") } func (c *hchan) sortkey() uintptr { // TODO(khr): if we have a moving garbage collector, we'll need to // change this function. return uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(c)) } // A runtimeSelect is a single case passed to rselect. // This must match ../reflect/value.go:/runtimeSelect type runtimeSelect struct { dir selectDir typ unsafe.Pointer // channel type (not used here) ch *hchan // channel val unsafe.Pointer // ptr to data (SendDir) or ptr to receive buffer (RecvDir) } // These values must match ../reflect/value.go:/SelectDir. type selectDir int const ( _ selectDir = iota selectSend // case Chan <- Send selectRecv // case <-Chan: selectDefault // default ) //go:linkname reflect_rselect reflect.rselect func reflect_rselect(cases []runtimeSelect) (chosen int, recvOK bool) { // flagNoScan is safe here, because all objects are also referenced from cases. size := selectsize(uintptr(len(cases))) sel := (*hselect)(mallocgc(size, nil, flagNoScan)) newselect(sel, int64(size), int32(len(cases))) r := new(bool) for i := range cases { rc := &cases[i] switch rc.dir { case selectDefault: selectdefaultImpl(sel, uintptr(i), 0) case selectSend: if rc.ch == nil { break } selectsendImpl(sel, rc.ch, uintptr(i), rc.val, 0) case selectRecv: if rc.ch == nil { break } selectrecvImpl(sel, rc.ch, uintptr(i), rc.val, r, 0) } } pc, _ := selectgoImpl(sel) chosen = int(pc) recvOK = *r return } func (q *waitq) dequeueSudoG(sgp *sudog) { x := sgp.prev y := sgp.next if x != nil { if y != nil { // middle of queue x.next = y y.prev = x sgp.next = nil sgp.prev = nil return } // end of queue x.next = nil q.last = x sgp.prev = nil return } if y != nil { // start of queue y.prev = nil q.first = y sgp.next = nil return } // x==y==nil. Either sgp is the only element in the queue, // or it has already been removed. Use q.first to disambiguate. if q.first == sgp { q.first = nil q.last = nil } }