While gitlab-shell currently has a major version of v14, the module path
it exposes is not using that major version like it is required by the Go
standard. This makes it impossible for dependents to import gitlab-shell
as a dependency without using a commit as version.

Fix this by changing the module path of gitlab-shell to instead be
`gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/v14` and adjust all imports
accordingly.

Changelog: fixed

Due to the way sshd works, gitlab-shell could be called with a single
string in the form:

```
/path/to/gitlab-shell -c key-id
```

However, due to the tightening of the regular expressions in fcff692b
this string no longer matches, so logins would fail with:

```
Failed to get username: who='' is invalid
```

This can be reproduced by changing the user's shell to point to
gitlab-shell. For example:

```
usermod git -s /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/bin/gitlab-shell
```

While setting gitlab-shell as the user's shell isn't officially
supported, gitlab-shell still should be able to cope with the key being
specified as the last argument. We now split the argument list and use
the last value.

Relates to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/-/issues/530

parse logic will only run if the executable accept args.
healthcheck is the only one not accepting arguments.

Refactors introspection of execution environment to rely on
per-connection state (`gitlab-shell`) or per request (`gitlab-sshd`)

Relates to https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/-/issues/496