Updating redirected links in the development, install, policy
raketasks and university dirs. Should now link to final
URL to avoid redirect hops

Fixing square brackets, links, etc in:
  merge_requests.md
  vulnerabilities.md
  issues.md
  issues_statistics.md
  pipelines.md
  services.md
  group_milestones.md
  milestones.md
  runners.md
  changelog.md
  issue_workflow.md
  elasticsearch.md
  api_graphql_styleguide.md
  automatic_ce_ee_merge.md
  file_storage.md
  architecture.md
  database_debugging.md
  index.md
  index.md
  frontend_testing.md
  pry_debugging.md
  vue.md
  development_process.md

After review, heading was changed and links to
it needed to be updated, and minor tweaks to
the issues docs such as note formatting

Based on https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/categories/#release-stage:
- 'core release' -> 'progressive delivery'
- 'supporting capabilities' -> 'release management'

Adjusts asterisks to hyphens in assorted docs to allow lint rule to pass

Mentions the automatic inference of stage and group labels based
on the applied subject labels