This change is a fairly straightforward refactor to extract the tracing
and correlation-id code from the gitlab rails codebase into the new
LabKit-Ruby project.

The corresponding import into LabKit-Ruby was in
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/labkit-ruby/merge_requests/1

The code itself remains very similar for now.

Extracting it allows us to reuse it in other projects, such as
Gitaly-Ruby. This will give us the advantages of correlation-ids and
distributed tracing in that project too.

This makes it easier to debug Gitaly performance issues in the field.

This commit also makes the tracking of query time thread-safe via
RequestStore.

`queue_duration` is a useful metric that is currently in api_json.log
but not in production_json.log. We should add it because it tells us how
long the request sat in Workhorse before Unicorn processed it. Having
this field enables the support team to better troubleshoot when delays
began to happen.

The Correlation ID is taken or generated from received X-Request-ID.
Then it is being passed to all executed services (sidekiq workers
or gitaly calls).

The Correlation ID is logged in all structured logs as `correlation_id`.

This will help production gain more visibility which browsers may be
having issues.

We have a number of import errors occurring with 422 errors, and
it's hard to determine why they are happening. This change will
surface the errors in the log lines.

Relates to #47365

lograge 0.10.0 contains the `Location` query string fix in
https://github.com/roidrage/lograge/pull/241 among other minor changes:
https://github.com/roidrage/lograge/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md

Port of https://github.com/roidrage/lograge/pull/241