There is a serious bug in the previous tree iterator implementation.
If case insensitivity resulted in member elements being equivalent
to one another, and those member elements were trees, then the
children of the colliding elements would be processed in sequence
instead of in a single flattened list.  This meant that the tree
iterator was not truly acting like a case-insensitive list.

This completely reworks the tree iterator to manage lists with
case insensitive equivalence classes and advance through the items
in a unified manner in a single sorted frame.

It is possible that at a future date we might want to update this
to separate the case insensitive and case sensitive tree iterators
so that the case sensitive one could be a minimal amount of code
and the insensitive one would always know what it needed to do
without checking flags.

But there would be so much shared code between the two, that I'm
not sure it that's a win.  For now, this gets what we need.

More tests are needed, though.

OpenBSD's realpath(3) doesn't require the last part of the path to
exist. Override p_realpath in this OS to bring it in line with the
library's assumptions.

The existing p_lstat implementation on win32 is not quite POSIX
compliant when setting errno to ENOTDIR.  This adds an option to
make is be compliant so that code (such as checkout) that cares
to have separate behavior for ENOTDIR can use it portably.

This also contains a couple of other minor cleanups in the
posix_w32.c implementations to avoid unnecessary work.

This cleans up a number of items suggested during code review
with @vmg, including:

* renaming "outside repo" config API to `git_config_open_default`
* killing the `git_config_open_global` API
* removing the `git_` prefix from the static functions in fileops
* removing some unnecessary functionality from the "cp" command

This extends git_repository_init_ext further with support for
initializing the repository from an external template directory
and with support for the "create shared" type flags that make a
set GID repository directory.

This also adds tests for much of the new functionality to the
existing `repo/init.c` test suite.

Also, this adds a bunch of new utility functions including a
very general purpose `git_futils_mkdir` (with the ability to
make paths and to chmod the paths post-creation) and a file
tree copying function `git_futils_cp_r`.  Also, this includes
some new path functions that were useful to keep the code
simple.