Some OSs cannot keep their ideas about file content straight when mixing
standard IO with file mapping. As we use mmap for reading from the
packfile, let's make writing to the pack file use mmap.

See https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/pull/2321#issuecomment-42039673
We may rollback once we found something more reliable

On some systems, notably HP PA-RISC systems running Linux or HP-UX,
EWOULDBLOCK and EAGAIN are not the same value.  POSIX (and these OSes) allow
EWOULDBLOCK to occur on write(2) (and send(2), etc.), so check explicitly
for this case as well as EAGAIN by defining and using a macro GIT_ISBLOCKED
that considers both.

The macro is necessary because MSYS does not provide EWOULDBLOCK and
compilation fails if an attempt is made to use it unconditionally.  On most
systems, where the two values are the same, the compiler will simply
optimize this check out and it will have no effect.

This adds tests that try canceling an indexer operation from
within the progress callback.

After writing the tests, I wanted to run this under valgrind and
had a number of errors in that situation because mmap wasn't
working.  I added a CMake option to force emulation of mmap and
consolidated the Amiga-specific code into that new place (so we
don't actually need separate Amiga code now, just have to turn on
-DNO_MMAP).

Additionally, I made the indexer code propagate error codes more
reliably than it used to.

If gethostbyname() fails on platforms with NO_ADDRINFO, the code
leaks the struct addrinfo that was allocated.  This fixes that
(and a number of code formatting issues in that area of code in
src/posix.c).