Fix configuration codepath to pay proper attention to commondir
that is used in multi-worktree situation, and isolate config API
into its own header file.

* bw/config-h:
  config: don't implicitly use gitdir or commondir
  config: respect commondir
  setup: teach discover_git_directory to respect the commondir
  config: don't include config.h by default
  config: remove git_config_iter
  config: create config.h

Stop including config.h by default in cache.h.  Instead only include
config.h in those files which require use of the config system.

Signed-off-by: Brandon Williams <bmwill@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

We often try to open a file for reading whose existence is
optional, and silently ignore errors from open/fopen; report such
errors if they are not due to missing files.

* nd/fopen-errors:
  mingw_fopen: report ENOENT for invalid file names
  mingw: verify that paths are not mistaken for remote nicknames
  log: fix memory leak in open_next_file()
  rerere.c: move error_errno() closer to the source system call
  print errno when reporting a system call error
  wrapper.c: make warn_on_inaccessible() static
  wrapper.c: add and use fopen_or_warn()
  wrapper.c: add and use warn_on_fopen_errors()
  config.mak.uname: set FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES for Darwin, too
  config.mak.uname: set FREAD_READS_DIRECTORIES for Linux and FreeBSD
  clone: use xfopen() instead of fopen()
  use xfopen() in more places
  git_fopen: fix a sparse 'not declared' warning

Our code often opens a path to an optional file, to work on its
contents when we can successfully open it.  We can ignore a failure
to open if such an optional file does not exist, but we do want to
report a failure in opening for other reasons (e.g. we got an I/O
error, or the file is there, but we lack the permission to open).

The exact errors we need to ignore are ENOENT (obviously) and
ENOTDIR (less obvious).  Instead of repeating comparison of errno
with these two constants, introduce a helper function to do so.

* jc/noent-notdir:
  treewide: use is_missing_file_error() where ENOENT and ENOTDIR are checked
  compat-util: is_missing_file_error()

Using the is_missing_file_error() helper introduced in the previous
step, update all hits from

  $ git grep -e ENOENT --and -e ENOTDIR

There are codepaths that only check ENOENT, and it is possible that
some of them should be checking both.  Updating them is kept out of
this step deliberately, as we do not want to change behaviour in this
step.

Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

After the last patch, this function is not used outside anymore. Keep it
static.

Noticed-by: Ramsay Jones <ramsay@ramsayjones.plus.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

When fopen() returns NULL, it could be because the given path does not
exist, but it could also be some other errors and the caller has to
check. Add a wrapper so we don't have to repeat the same error check
everywhere.

Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

In many places, Git warns about an inaccessible file after a fopen()
failed. To discern these cases from other cases where we want to warn
about inaccessible files, introduce a new helper specifically to test
whether fopen() failed because the current user lacks the permission to
open file in question.

Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclouds@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

gethostname(2) may not NUL terminate the buffer if hostname does
not fit; unfortunately there is no easy way to see if our buffer
was too small, but at least this will make sure we will not end up
using garbage past the end of the buffer.

* dt/xgethostname-nul-termination:
  xgethostname: handle long hostnames
  use HOST_NAME_MAX to size buffers for gethostname(2)

If the full hostname doesn't fit in the buffer supplied to
gethostname, POSIX does not specify whether the buffer will be
null-terminated, so to be safe, we should do it ourselves.  Introduce
new function, xgethostname, which ensures that there is always a \0
at the end of the buffer.

Signed-off-by: David Turner <dturner@twosigma.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>