/* Callgraph based analysis of static variables. Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Contributed by Kenneth Zadeck This file is part of GCC. GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version. GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see . */ /* This file marks functions as being either const (TREE_READONLY) or pure (DECL_PURE_P). It can also set a variant of these that are allowed to loop indefinitely (DECL_LOOPING_CONST_PURE_P). This must be run after inlining decisions have been made since otherwise, the local sets will not contain information that is consistent with post inlined state. The global sets are not prone to this problem since they are by definition transitive. */ /* The code in this module is called by the ipa pass manager. It should be one of the later passes since it's information is used by the rest of the compilation. */ #include "config.h" #include "system.h" #include "coretypes.h" #include "tm.h" #include "tree.h" #include "tree-flow.h" #include "tree-inline.h" #include "tree-pass.h" #include "langhooks.h" #include "pointer-set.h" #include "ggc.h" #include "ipa-utils.h" #include "c-common.h" #include "tree-gimple.h" #include "cgraph.h" #include "output.h" #include "flags.h" #include "timevar.h" #include "diagnostic.h" #include "langhooks.h" #include "target.h" static struct pointer_set_t *visited_nodes; /* Lattice values for const and pure functions. Everything starts out being const, then may drop to pure and then neither depending on what is found. */ enum pure_const_state_e { IPA_CONST, IPA_PURE, IPA_NEITHER }; /* Holder inserted into the ipa_dfs_info aux field to hold the const_state. */ struct funct_state_d { enum pure_const_state_e pure_const_state; bool looping; bool state_set_in_source; }; typedef struct funct_state_d * funct_state; /* Return the function state from NODE. */ static inline funct_state get_function_state (struct cgraph_node *node) { struct ipa_dfs_info * info = (struct ipa_dfs_info *) node->aux; return (funct_state) info->aux; } /* Check to see if the use (or definition when CHECKING_WRITE is true) variable T is legal in a function that is either pure or const. */ static inline void check_decl (funct_state local, tree t, bool checking_write) { /* If the variable has the "used" attribute, treat it as if it had a been touched by the devil. */ if (lookup_attribute ("used", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (t))) { local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; return; } /* Do not want to do anything with volatile except mark any function that uses one to be not const or pure. */ if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (t)) { local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; return; } /* Do not care about a local automatic that is not static. */ if (!TREE_STATIC (t) && !DECL_EXTERNAL (t)) return; /* Since we have dealt with the locals and params cases above, if we are CHECKING_WRITE, this cannot be a pure or constant function. */ if (checking_write) { local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; return; } if (DECL_EXTERNAL (t) || TREE_PUBLIC (t)) { /* If the front end set the variable to be READONLY and constant, we can allow this variable in pure or const functions but the scope is too large for our analysis to set these bits ourselves. */ if (TREE_READONLY (t) && DECL_INITIAL (t) && is_gimple_min_invariant (DECL_INITIAL (t))) ; /* Read of a constant, do not change the function state. */ else { /* Just a regular read. */ if (local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; } } /* Compilation level statics can be read if they are readonly variables. */ if (TREE_READONLY (t)) return; /* Just a regular read. */ if (local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; } /* If T is a VAR_DECL check to see if it is an allowed reference. */ static void check_operand (funct_state local, tree t, bool checking_write) { if (!t) return; if (TREE_CODE (t) == VAR_DECL) check_decl (local, t, checking_write); } /* Examine tree T for references. */ static void check_tree (funct_state local, tree t, bool checking_write) { if ((TREE_CODE (t) == EXC_PTR_EXPR) || (TREE_CODE (t) == FILTER_EXPR) || TREE_CODE (t) == SSA_NAME) return; /* Any tree which is volatile disqualifies this function from being const or pure. */ if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (t)) { local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; return; } while (TREE_CODE (t) == REALPART_EXPR || TREE_CODE (t) == IMAGPART_EXPR || handled_component_p (t)) { if (TREE_CODE (t) == ARRAY_REF) check_operand (local, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1), false); t = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0); } /* The bottom of an indirect reference can only be read, not written. */ if (INDIRECT_REF_P (t)) { check_tree (local, TREE_OPERAND (t, 0), false); /* Any indirect reference that occurs on the lhs disqualifies the function from being pure or const. Any indirect reference that occurs on the rhs disqualifies the function from being const. */ if (checking_write) { local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; return; } else if (local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; } if (SSA_VAR_P (t)) check_operand (local, t, checking_write); } /* Scan tree T to see if there are any addresses taken in within T. */ static void look_for_address_of (funct_state local, tree t) { if (TREE_CODE (t) == ADDR_EXPR) { tree x = get_base_var (t); if (TREE_CODE (x) == VAR_DECL) { check_decl (local, x, false); /* Taking the address of something appears to be reasonable in PURE code. Not allowed in const. */ if (local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; } } } /* Check to see if T is a read or address of operation on a var we are interested in analyzing. LOCAL is passed in to get access to its bit vectors. */ static void check_rhs_var (funct_state local, tree t) { look_for_address_of (local, t); /* Memcmp and strlen can both trap and they are declared pure. */ if (tree_could_trap_p (t) && local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; check_tree(local, t, false); } /* Check to see if T is an assignment to a var we are interested in analyzing. LOCAL is passed in to get access to its bit vectors. */ static void check_lhs_var (funct_state local, tree t) { /* Memcmp and strlen can both trap and they are declared pure. Which seems to imply that we can apply the same rule here. */ if (tree_could_trap_p (t) && local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; check_tree(local, t, true); } /* This is a scaled down version of get_asm_expr_operands from tree_ssa_operands.c. The version there runs much later and assumes that aliasing information is already available. Here we are just trying to find if the set of inputs and outputs contain references or address of operations to local static variables. STMT is the actual asm statement. */ static void get_asm_expr_operands (funct_state local, tree stmt) { int noutputs = list_length (ASM_OUTPUTS (stmt)); const char **oconstraints = (const char **) alloca ((noutputs) * sizeof (const char *)); int i; tree link; const char *constraint; bool allows_mem, allows_reg, is_inout; for (i=0, link = ASM_OUTPUTS (stmt); link; ++i, link = TREE_CHAIN (link)) { oconstraints[i] = constraint = TREE_STRING_POINTER (TREE_VALUE (TREE_PURPOSE (link))); parse_output_constraint (&constraint, i, 0, 0, &allows_mem, &allows_reg, &is_inout); check_lhs_var (local, TREE_VALUE (link)); } for (link = ASM_INPUTS (stmt); link; link = TREE_CHAIN (link)) { constraint = TREE_STRING_POINTER (TREE_VALUE (TREE_PURPOSE (link))); parse_input_constraint (&constraint, 0, 0, noutputs, 0, oconstraints, &allows_mem, &allows_reg); check_rhs_var (local, TREE_VALUE (link)); } for (link = ASM_CLOBBERS (stmt); link; link = TREE_CHAIN (link)) if (simple_cst_equal(TREE_VALUE (link), memory_identifier_string) == 1) /* Abandon all hope, ye who enter here. */ local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; if (ASM_VOLATILE_P (stmt)) local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; } /* Check the parameters of a function call to CALL_EXPR to see if there are any references in the parameters that are not allowed for pure or const functions. Also check to see if this is either an indirect call, a call outside the compilation unit, or has special attributes that may also effect the purity. The CALL_EXPR node for the entire call expression. */ static void check_call (funct_state local, tree call_expr) { int flags = call_expr_flags (call_expr); tree operand; call_expr_arg_iterator iter; tree callee_t = get_callee_fndecl (call_expr); struct cgraph_node* callee; enum availability avail = AVAIL_NOT_AVAILABLE; FOR_EACH_CALL_EXPR_ARG (operand, iter, call_expr) check_rhs_var (local, operand); /* The const and pure flags are set by a variety of places in the compiler (including here). If someone has already set the flags for the callee, (such as for some of the builtins) we will use them, otherwise we will compute our own information. Const and pure functions have less clobber effects than other functions so we process these first. Otherwise if it is a call outside the compilation unit or an indirect call we punt. This leaves local calls which will be processed by following the call graph. */ if (callee_t) { callee = cgraph_node(callee_t); avail = cgraph_function_body_availability (callee); /* When bad things happen to bad functions, they cannot be const or pure. */ if (setjmp_call_p (callee_t)) { local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; } if (DECL_BUILT_IN_CLASS (callee_t) == BUILT_IN_NORMAL) switch (DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (callee_t)) { case BUILT_IN_LONGJMP: case BUILT_IN_NONLOCAL_GOTO: local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; break; default: break; } } /* The callee is either unknown (indirect call) or there is just no scannable code for it (external call) . We look to see if there are any bits available for the callee (such as by declaration or because it is builtin) and process solely on the basis of those bits. */ if (avail == AVAIL_NOT_AVAILABLE || avail == AVAIL_OVERWRITABLE) { if (flags & ECF_PURE) { if (local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; } else local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; } else { /* We have the code and we will scan it for the effects. */ if (flags & ECF_PURE) { if (local->pure_const_state == IPA_CONST) local->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; } } } /* TP is the part of the tree currently under the microscope. WALK_SUBTREES is part of the walk_tree api but is unused here. DATA is cgraph_node of the function being walked. */ /* FIXME: When this is converted to run over SSA form, this code should be converted to use the operand scanner. */ static tree scan_function (tree *tp, int *walk_subtrees, void *data) { struct cgraph_node *fn = (struct cgraph_node *) data; tree t = *tp; funct_state local = get_function_state (fn); switch (TREE_CODE (t)) { case VAR_DECL: if (DECL_INITIAL (t)) walk_tree (&DECL_INITIAL (t), scan_function, fn, visited_nodes); *walk_subtrees = 0; break; case GIMPLE_MODIFY_STMT: { /* First look on the lhs and see what variable is stored to */ tree lhs = GIMPLE_STMT_OPERAND (t, 0); tree rhs = GIMPLE_STMT_OPERAND (t, 1); check_lhs_var (local, lhs); /* For the purposes of figuring out what the cast affects */ /* Next check the operands on the rhs to see if they are ok. */ switch (TREE_CODE_CLASS (TREE_CODE (rhs))) { case tcc_binary: { tree op0 = TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 0); tree op1 = TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 1); check_rhs_var (local, op0); check_rhs_var (local, op1); } break; case tcc_unary: { tree op0 = TREE_OPERAND (rhs, 0); check_rhs_var (local, op0); } break; case tcc_reference: check_rhs_var (local, rhs); break; case tcc_declaration: check_rhs_var (local, rhs); break; case tcc_expression: switch (TREE_CODE (rhs)) { case ADDR_EXPR: check_rhs_var (local, rhs); break; default: break; } break; case tcc_vl_exp: switch (TREE_CODE (rhs)) { case CALL_EXPR: check_call (local, rhs); break; default: break; } break; default: break; } *walk_subtrees = 0; } break; case ADDR_EXPR: /* This case is here to find addresses on rhs of constructors in decl_initial of static variables. */ check_rhs_var (local, t); *walk_subtrees = 0; break; case LABEL_EXPR: if (DECL_NONLOCAL (TREE_OPERAND (t, 0))) /* Target of long jump. */ { local->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; local->looping = false; } break; case CALL_EXPR: check_call (local, t); *walk_subtrees = 0; break; case ASM_EXPR: get_asm_expr_operands (local, t); *walk_subtrees = 0; break; default: break; } return NULL; } /* This is the main routine for finding the reference patterns for global variables within a function FN. */ static void analyze_function (struct cgraph_node *fn) { funct_state l = XCNEW (struct funct_state_d); tree decl = fn->decl; struct ipa_dfs_info * w_info = (struct ipa_dfs_info *) fn->aux; w_info->aux = l; l->pure_const_state = IPA_CONST; l->state_set_in_source = false; if (DECL_LOOPING_CONST_OR_PURE_P (decl)) l->looping = true; else l->looping = false; /* If this function does not return normally or does not bind local, do not touch this unless it has been marked as const or pure by the front end. */ if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (decl) || !targetm.binds_local_p (decl)) { l->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; return; } if (TREE_READONLY (decl)) { l->pure_const_state = IPA_CONST; l->state_set_in_source = true; } if (DECL_PURE_P (decl)) { l->pure_const_state = IPA_PURE; l->state_set_in_source = true; } if (dump_file) { fprintf (dump_file, "\n local analysis of %s with initial value = %d\n ", cgraph_node_name (fn), l->pure_const_state); } if (!l->state_set_in_source) { struct function *this_cfun = DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (decl); basic_block this_block; FOR_EACH_BB_FN (this_block, this_cfun) { block_stmt_iterator bsi; for (bsi = bsi_start (this_block); !bsi_end_p (bsi); bsi_next (&bsi)) { walk_tree (bsi_stmt_ptr (bsi), scan_function, fn, visited_nodes); if (l->pure_const_state == IPA_NEITHER) goto end; } } if (l->pure_const_state != IPA_NEITHER) { tree old_decl = current_function_decl; /* Const functions cannot have back edges (an indication of possible infinite loop side effect. */ current_function_decl = fn->decl; /* The C++ front end, has a tendency to some times jerk away a function after it has created it. This should have been fixed. */ gcc_assert (DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (fn->decl)); push_cfun (DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (fn->decl)); if (mark_dfs_back_edges ()) l->pure_const_state = IPA_NEITHER; current_function_decl = old_decl; pop_cfun (); } } end: if (dump_file) { fprintf (dump_file, "after local analysis of %s with initial value = %d\n ", cgraph_node_name (fn), l->pure_const_state); } } /* Produce the global information by preforming a transitive closure on the local information that was produced by ipa_analyze_function and ipa_analyze_variable. */ static unsigned int static_execute (void) { struct cgraph_node *node; struct cgraph_node *w; struct cgraph_node **order = XCNEWVEC (struct cgraph_node *, cgraph_n_nodes); int order_pos = ipa_utils_reduced_inorder (order, true, false); int i; struct ipa_dfs_info * w_info; if (!memory_identifier_string) memory_identifier_string = build_string(7, "memory"); /* There are some shared nodes, in particular the initializers on static declarations. We do not need to scan them more than once since all we would be interested in are the addressof operations. */ visited_nodes = pointer_set_create (); /* Process all of the functions. We do not want to process any of the clones so we check that this is a master clone. However, we do NOT process any AVAIL_OVERWRITABLE functions (these are never clones) we cannot guarantee that what we learn about the one we see will be true for the one that overrides it. */ for (node = cgraph_nodes; node; node = node->next) if (node->analyzed && cgraph_is_master_clone (node)) analyze_function (node); pointer_set_destroy (visited_nodes); visited_nodes = NULL; if (dump_file) { dump_cgraph (dump_file); ipa_utils_print_order(dump_file, "reduced", order, order_pos); } /* Propagate the local information thru the call graph to produce the global information. All the nodes within a cycle will have the same info so we collapse cycles first. Then we can do the propagation in one pass from the leaves to the roots. */ for (i = 0; i < order_pos; i++ ) { enum pure_const_state_e pure_const_state = IPA_CONST; bool looping = false; int count = 0; node = order[i]; /* Find the worst state for any node in the cycle. */ w = node; while (w) { funct_state w_l = get_function_state (w); if (pure_const_state < w_l->pure_const_state) pure_const_state = w_l->pure_const_state; if (w_l->looping) looping = true; if (pure_const_state == IPA_NEITHER) break; if (!w_l->state_set_in_source) { struct cgraph_edge *e; count++; if (count > 1) looping = true; for (e = w->callees; e; e = e->next_callee) { struct cgraph_node *y = e->callee; /* Only look at the master nodes and skip external nodes. */ y = cgraph_master_clone (y); if (w == y) looping = true; if (y) { funct_state y_l = get_function_state (y); if (pure_const_state < y_l->pure_const_state) pure_const_state = y_l->pure_const_state; if (pure_const_state == IPA_NEITHER) break; if (y_l->looping) looping = true; } } } w_info = (struct ipa_dfs_info *) w->aux; w = w_info->next_cycle; } /* Copy back the region's pure_const_state which is shared by all nodes in the region. */ w = node; while (w) { funct_state w_l = get_function_state (w); /* All nodes within a cycle share the same info. */ if (!w_l->state_set_in_source) { w_l->pure_const_state = pure_const_state; switch (pure_const_state) { case IPA_CONST: TREE_READONLY (w->decl) = 1; DECL_LOOPING_CONST_OR_PURE_P (w->decl) = looping; if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, "Function found to be %sconst: %s\n", looping ? "looping " : "", lang_hooks.decl_printable_name(w->decl, 2)); break; case IPA_PURE: DECL_PURE_P (w->decl) = 1; DECL_LOOPING_CONST_OR_PURE_P (w->decl) = looping; if (dump_file) fprintf (dump_file, "Function found to be %spure: %s\n", looping ? "looping " : "", lang_hooks.decl_printable_name(w->decl, 2)); break; default: break; } } w_info = (struct ipa_dfs_info *) w->aux; w = w_info->next_cycle; } } /* Cleanup. */ for (node = cgraph_nodes; node; node = node->next) /* Get rid of the aux information. */ if (node->aux) { w_info = (struct ipa_dfs_info *) node->aux; if (w_info->aux) free (w_info->aux); free (node->aux); node->aux = NULL; } free (order); return 0; } static bool gate_pure_const (void) { return (flag_unit_at_a_time != 0 && flag_ipa_pure_const /* Don't bother doing anything if the program has errors. */ && !(errorcount || sorrycount)); } struct simple_ipa_opt_pass pass_ipa_pure_const = { { SIMPLE_IPA_PASS, "pure-const", /* name */ gate_pure_const, /* gate */ static_execute, /* execute */ NULL, /* sub */ NULL, /* next */ 0, /* static_pass_number */ TV_IPA_PURE_CONST, /* tv_id */ 0, /* properties_required */ 0, /* properties_provided */ 0, /* properties_destroyed */ 0, /* todo_flags_start */ 0 /* todo_flags_finish */ } };