At Python initialization, the current directory is no longer
prepended to sys.path if it has been removed.

Historically, -m added the empty string as sys.path
zero, meaning it resolved imports against the current
working directory, the same way -c and the interactive
prompt do.

This changes the sys.path initialisation to add the
*starting* working directory as sys.path[0] instead,
such that changes to the working directory while the
program is running will have no effect on imports
when using the -m switch.

(cherry picked from commit d5d9e02dd3c6df06a8dd9ce75ee9b52976420a8b)

* Use wider types (int => Py_ssize_t) to avoid integer overflows.
* Fix gc.get_freeze_count(): use Py_ssize_t type rather than int, since gc_list_size() returns a Py_ssize_t.

Modify locale.localeconv(), time.tzname, os.strerror() and other
functions to ignore the UTF-8 Mode: always use the current locale
encoding.

Changes:

* Add _Py_DecodeLocaleEx() and _Py_EncodeLocaleEx(). On decoding or
  encoding error, they return the position of the error and an error
  message which are used to raise Unicode errors in
  PyUnicode_DecodeLocale() and PyUnicode_EncodeLocale().
* Replace _Py_DecodeCurrentLocale() with _Py_DecodeLocaleEx().
* PyUnicode_DecodeLocale() now uses _Py_DecodeLocaleEx() for all
  cases, especially for the strict error handler.
* Add _Py_DecodeUTF8Ex(): return more information on decoding error
  and supports the strict error handler.
* Rename _Py_EncodeUTF8_surrogateescape() to _Py_EncodeUTF8Ex().
* Replace _Py_EncodeCurrentLocale() with _Py_EncodeLocaleEx().
* Ignore the UTF-8 mode to encode/decode localeconv(), strerror()
  and time zone name.
* Remove PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(), PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize()
  and PyUnicode_EncodeLocale() now ignore the UTF-8 mode: always use
  the "current" locale.
* Remove _PyUnicode_DecodeCurrentLocale(),
  _PyUnicode_DecodeCurrentLocaleAndSize() and
  _PyUnicode_EncodeCurrentLocale().

Add a new _Py_FindEnvConfigValue() function: code shared between
Windows and Unix implementations of _PyPathConfig_Calculate() to read
the pyenv.cfg file.

_Py_FindEnvConfigValue() now uses _Py_DecodeUTF8_surrogateescape()
instead of using a Python Unicode string, the Python API must not be
used early during Python initialization. Same change in Unix
search_for_exec_prefix(): use _Py_DecodeUTF8_surrogateescape().

Cleanup also encode_current_locale(): PyMem_RawFree/PyMem_Free can be
called with NULL.

Fix also "NUL byte" => "NULL byte" typo.

Merge _PyCoreConfig_ReadEnv() into _PyCoreConfig_Read(), and
_Py_CommandLineDetails usage is now restricted to pymain_cmdline().

Changes:

* _PyCoreConfig: Add nxoption, xoptions, nwarnoption and warnoptions
* Add _PyCoreConfig.program: argv[0] or ""
* Move filename, command, module and xoptions from
  _Py_CommandLineDetails to _PyMain. xoptions _Py_OptList becomes
  (int, wchar_t**) list.
* Add pymain_cmdline() function
* Rename copy_argv() to copy_wstrlist(). Rename clear_argv() to
  clear_wstrlist(). Remove _Py_OptList structure: use (int,
  wchar_t**) list instead.
* Rename pymain_set_flag_from_env() to pymain_get_env_flag()
* Rename pymain_set_flags_from_env() to pymain_get_env_flags()
* _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Read() now creates the warnoptions from
  _PyCoreConfig.warnoptions
* Inline pymain_add_warning_dev_mode() and
  pymain_add_warning_bytes_flag() into config_init_warnoptions()
* Inline pymain_get_program_name() into _PyCoreConfig_Read()
* _Py_CommandLineDetails: Replace warning_options with nwarnoption
  and warnoptions. Replace env_warning_options with nenv_warnoption
  and env_warnoptions.
* pymain_warnings_envvar() now has a single implementation for
  Windows and Unix: use config_get_env_var_dup() to also get the
  variable as wchar_t* on Unix.

_PyMainInterpreterConfig now contains Python objects, whereas
_PyCoreConfig contains wchar_t* strings.

Core config:

* Rename _PyMainInterpreterConfig_ReadEnv() to _PyCoreConfig_ReadEnv()
* Move 3 strings from _PyMainInterpreterConfig to _PyCoreConfig:
  module_search_path_env, home, program_name.
* Add _PyCoreConfig_Clear()
* _PyPathConfig_Calculate() now takes core config rather than main
  config
* _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Read() now requires also a core config

Main config:

* Add _PyMainInterpreterConfig.module_search_path: sys.path list
* Add _PyMainInterpreterConfig.argv: sys.argv list
* _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Read() now computes module_search_path

Changes:

* Split _PySys_SetArgvWithError() into subfunctions for Py_Main():

  * Create the Python list object
  * Set sys.argv to the list
  * Compute argv0
  * Prepend argv0 to sys.path

* Add _PyPathConfig_ComputeArgv0()
* Remove _PySys_SetArgvWithError()
* Py_Main() now splits the code to compute sys.argv/path0 and the
  code to update the sys module: add pymain_compute_argv()
  subfunction.