(cherry picked from commit 09090d04ef8d2f4c94157b852d3d530a51e13d22)

Co-authored-by: Orivej Desh <orivej@gmx.fr>

This is needed to even the run the test suite on buildbots for affected platforms; e.g.:

```
./python.exe  ./Tools/scripts/run_tests.py -j 1 -u all -W --slowest --fail-env-changed --timeout=11700 -j2
/home/embray/src/python/test-worker/3.x.test-worker/build/python -u -W default -bb -E -W error::BytesWarning -m test -r -w -j 1 -u all -W --slowest --fail-env-changed --timeout=11700 -j2
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./Tools/scripts/run_tests.py", line 56, in <module>
    main(sys.argv[1:])
  File "./Tools/scripts/run_tests.py", line 52, in main
    os.execv(sys.executable, args)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied
make: *** [Makefile:1073: buildbottest] Error 1
```

(cherry picked from commit 7a7693e9cb12e5571c76331db56a28eef9acb6e0)

Co-authored-by: E. M. Bray <erik.m.bray@gmail.com>

Modify locale.localeconv(), time.tzname, os.strerror() and other
functions to ignore the UTF-8 Mode: always use the current locale
encoding.

Changes:

* Add _Py_DecodeLocaleEx() and _Py_EncodeLocaleEx(). On decoding or
  encoding error, they return the position of the error and an error
  message which are used to raise Unicode errors in
  PyUnicode_DecodeLocale() and PyUnicode_EncodeLocale().
* Replace _Py_DecodeCurrentLocale() with _Py_DecodeLocaleEx().
* PyUnicode_DecodeLocale() now uses _Py_DecodeLocaleEx() for all
  cases, especially for the strict error handler.
* Add _Py_DecodeUTF8Ex(): return more information on decoding error
  and supports the strict error handler.
* Rename _Py_EncodeUTF8_surrogateescape() to _Py_EncodeUTF8Ex().
* Replace _Py_EncodeCurrentLocale() with _Py_EncodeLocaleEx().
* Ignore the UTF-8 mode to encode/decode localeconv(), strerror()
  and time zone name.
* Remove PyUnicode_DecodeLocale(), PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize()
  and PyUnicode_EncodeLocale() now ignore the UTF-8 mode: always use
  the "current" locale.
* Remove _PyUnicode_DecodeCurrentLocale(),
  _PyUnicode_DecodeCurrentLocaleAndSize() and
  _PyUnicode_EncodeCurrentLocale().

Add a new _Py_FindEnvConfigValue() function: code shared between
Windows and Unix implementations of _PyPathConfig_Calculate() to read
the pyenv.cfg file.

_Py_FindEnvConfigValue() now uses _Py_DecodeUTF8_surrogateescape()
instead of using a Python Unicode string, the Python API must not be
used early during Python initialization. Same change in Unix
search_for_exec_prefix(): use _Py_DecodeUTF8_surrogateescape().

Cleanup also encode_current_locale(): PyMem_RawFree/PyMem_Free can be
called with NULL.

Fix also "NUL byte" => "NULL byte" typo.

Replace Py_EncodeLocale() with _Py_EncodeLocaleRaw() in:

* _Py_wfopen()
* _Py_wreadlink()
* _Py_wrealpath()
* _Py_wstat()
* pymain_open_filename()

These functions are called early during Python intialization, only
the RAW memory allocator must be used.

bpo-29240, bpo-32030: If the encoding change (C locale coerced or
UTF-8 Mode changed), Py_Main() now reads again the configuration with
the new encoding.

Changes:

* Add _Py_UnixMain() called by main().
* Rename pymain_free_pymain() to pymain_clear_pymain(), it can now be
  called multipled times.
* Rename pymain_parse_cmdline_envvars() to pymain_read_conf().
* Py_Main() now clears orig_argc and orig_argv at exit.
* Remove argv_copy2, Py_Main() doesn't modify argv anymore. There is
  no need anymore to get two copies of the wchar_t** argv.
* _PyCoreConfig: add coerce_c_locale and coerce_c_locale_warn.
* Py_UTF8Mode is now initialized to -1.
* Locale coercion (PEP 538) now respects -I and -E options.

_PyMainInterpreterConfig now contains Python objects, whereas
_PyCoreConfig contains wchar_t* strings.

Core config:

* Rename _PyMainInterpreterConfig_ReadEnv() to _PyCoreConfig_ReadEnv()
* Move 3 strings from _PyMainInterpreterConfig to _PyCoreConfig:
  module_search_path_env, home, program_name.
* Add _PyCoreConfig_Clear()
* _PyPathConfig_Calculate() now takes core config rather than main
  config
* _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Read() now requires also a core config

Main config:

* Add _PyMainInterpreterConfig.module_search_path: sys.path list
* Add _PyMainInterpreterConfig.argv: sys.argv list
* _PyMainInterpreterConfig_Read() now computes module_search_path

* Revert "bpo-32197: Try to fix a compiler error on OS X introduced in bpo-32030. (#4681)"

This reverts commit 13badcbc60cdbfae1dba1683fd2fae9d70717143.

Re-apply commits:

* "bpo-32030: _PyPathConfig_Init() sets home and program_name (#4673)"
  commit af5a895073c24637c094772b27526b94a12ec897.
* "bpo-32030: Fix config_get_program_name() on macOS (#4669)"
  commit e23c06e2b03452c9aaf0dae52296c85e572f9bcd.
* "bpo-32030: Add Python/pathconfig.c (#4668)"
  commit 0ea395ae964c9cd0f499e2ef0d0030c971201220.
* "bpo-32030: Don't call _PyPathConfig_Fini() in Py_FinalizeEx() (#4667)"
  commit ebac19dad6263141d5db0a2c923efe049dba99d2.
* "bpo-32030: Fix Py_GetPath(): init program_name (#4665)"
  commit 9ac3d8882712c9675c3d2f9f84af6b5729575cde.

* Fix compilation error on macOS

* Revert "bpo-32030: _PyPathConfig_Init() sets home and program_name (#4673)"

This reverts commit af5a895073c24637c094772b27526b94a12ec897.

* Revert "bpo-32030: Fix config_get_program_name() on macOS (#4669)"

This reverts commit e23c06e2b03452c9aaf0dae52296c85e572f9bcd.

* Revert "bpo-32030: Add Python/pathconfig.c (#4668)"

This reverts commit 0ea395ae964c9cd0f499e2ef0d0030c971201220.

* Revert "bpo-32030: Don't call _PyPathConfig_Fini() in Py_FinalizeEx() (#4667)"

This reverts commit ebac19dad6263141d5db0a2c923efe049dba99d2.

* Revert "bpo-32030: Fix Py_GetPath(): init program_name (#4665)"

This reverts commit 9ac3d8882712c9675c3d2f9f84af6b5729575cde.